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Table 3 Factors associated with eGFR1 in HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected adults

From: Risk factors for impaired renal function in HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected adults: cross-sectional study in North-Western Tanzania

Characteristic

n

Mean eGFR1

Adjusted coefficients2 (95% CI3)

p value4

p value for interaction*

Age (years)

1942

113.6

− 0.3 (− 0.4, − 0.1)

0.001

0.25

Sex

    

0.51

Female

1156

111.4

0

  

Male

786

116.7

13.0 (7.7, 18.2)

< 0.001

 

HIV status

     

HIV-uninfected

654

111.2

0

  

HIV-infected ART-naive

955

109.7

−4.1 (−8.4, 0.1)

0.06

 

HIV-infected on ART

333

129.5

18.3 (12.8, 23.9)

< 0.001

 

Education level

    

0.20

No formal education

317

119.1

0

  

Primary

1323

112.3

−7.5 (−12.8, −2.2)

0.005

 

Secondary/Tertiary

297

113.5

−7.6 (− 14.6, −0.7)

0.03

 

SES5 tertiles

    

0.73

Lower

644

116.9

0

  

Middle

646

114.6

−2.4 (−7.0, 2.3)

0.32

 

Upper

647

109.3

−7.0 (−11.8, −2.3)

0.004

 

Smoking

    

0.20

Never smoked

1471

112.9

0

  

Past smoked

285

116.3

2.2 (−3.9, 8.3)

0.48

 

Current smoker

181

115.1

−1.4 (−8.8, 5.9)

0.71

 

Alcohol use

    

0.16

Non drinker

1342

114.6

0

  

Current moderate drinker

40

121.9

7.2 (−6.1, 20.5)

0.29

 

Current unhealthy drinker6

555

110.7

−4.7 (−9.0, −0.4)

0.03

 

Antiretroviral regimen

Tenofovir containing

174

130.4

0

  

Other regimen

158

128.8

−2.7 (−15.6, 10.3)

0.69

 

Physical activity (minutes/week)7

    

0.06

Active (≥ 600)

1667

113.0

0

  

Inactive (<  600)

229

117.2

4.4 (−1.3, 10.0)

0.13

 

Body mass index (kg/m2)

1941

113.6

−0.58 (−1.16, − 0.01)

0.047

0.31

Underweight (< 18.5)

423

118.6

2.9 (−2.3, 8.1)

0.28

 

Normal (18.5 - < 25)

1128

114.2

0

  

Overweight/obesity (≥25)

390

106.4

−3.2 (−8.6, 2.2)

0.25

 

Haemoglobin (g/dL)

1938

113.5

0.3 (−0.6, 1.2)

0.46

0.02

Normal

1112

113.9

0

  

Anaemia8

826

113.1

−1.9 (−5.8, 2.0)

0.34

 

S. mansoni egg(s) seen

    

0.34

No

1623

113.9

0

  

Yes

141

114.7

−1.2 (−8.6, 6.2)

0.76

 

Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)

1938

113.7

−0.02 (−0.12, 0.08)

0.73

0.97

Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)

1938

113.7

−0.1 (− 0.2, 0.1)

0.40

0.39

Hypertension9

    

0.91

No

1590

114.6

0

  

Yes

348

109.4

−1.7 (−6.8, 3.4)

0.52

 

Diabetes Mellitus10

    

0.36

Normal (≤ 7.7)

965

112.8

0

  

Prediabetes (7.8–11.0)

844

115.9

3.0 (−0.9, 6.9)

0.14

 

Diabetes (≥ 11.1)

128

103.5

−10.2 (−18.2, −2.3)

0.01

 
  1. 1Estimated glomerular filtration rate (mL/min/1.73m2); 2Adjusted for age sex and fat-free mass; 3Confidence interval; 4p-value for 2 tailored t test; 5Socioeconomic status calculated using principal component analysis; 6Habitual alcohol drinking of more than two standard drinks for women or more than three standard drinks for men; 7Metabolic equivalent - calculations based on total time spent in moderate and vigorous intensity physical activity per week; 8Haemoglobin level < 12 mg/dL for women and < 13 mg/dL for men; 9Systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90 mmHg or on medication for hypertension; 10Two hour oral glucose tolerance test blood glucose level ≥ 11.1 mmol/L or on medication for diabetes
  2. *p-value (Wald test) for interaction with HIV status
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BMC Nephrology

ISSN: 1471-2369

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