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Table 4 Factors associated with impaired renal function in HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected adults

From: Risk factors for impaired renal function in HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected adults: cross-sectional study in North-Western Tanzania

 

n

Impaired renal function1 n (%)

aOR2 (95% CI3)

p value4

Age categories (years)

  18–30

420

26 (6.2)

0

 

  31–40

621

49 (7.9)

1.3 (0.8, 2.1)

0.32

  41–50

519

32 (6.2)

1.0 (0.6, 1.7)

0.98

> 50

382

28 (7.3)

1.2 (0.7, 2.2)

0.44

Sex

  Female

1156

82 (7.1)

0

 

  Male

786

53 (6.7)

1.0 (0.6, 1.6)

0.88

HIV status

  HIV-uninfected

654

37 (5.7)

0

 

  HIV-infected ART-naive

955

77 (8.1)

1.5 (1.0, 2.3)

0.048

  HIV-infected on ART

333

21 (6.3)

1.1 (0.6, 1.9)

0.75

Education level

  No formal education

317

17 (5.4)

0

 

  Primary

1323

96 (7.3)

1.5 (0.9, 2.5)

0.17

  Secondary/Tertiary

297

21 (7.1)

1.5 (0.7, 3.0)

0.24

SES5tertiles

  Lower

644

46 (7.1)

0

 

  Middle

646

41 (6.4)

0.9 (0.6, 1.4)

0.62

  Upper

647

47 (7.3)

1.0 (0.7, 1.6)

0.95

Smoking

  Never smoked

1471

99 (6.7)

0

 

  Past smoked

285

22 (7.7)

1.2 (0.7, 2.1)

0.51

  Current smoker

181

13 (7.2)

1.3 (0.6, 2.5)

0.51

Alcohol use

  Non drinker

1342

92 (6.9)

0

 

 Current moderate drinker

40

2 (5.0)

0.7 (0.2, 3.1)

0.68

  Unhealthy drinker6

555

40 (7.2)

1.1 (0.7, 1.6)

0.61

Antiretroviral regimen

  Tenofovir containing

174

7 (4.0)

0

 

  Other regimen

158

13 (8.2)

2.1 (0.8, 5.6)

0.12

Physical activity (minutes/week)7

  Active (≥ 600)

1667

110 (6.6)

0

 

  Inactive (<  600)

269

24 (8.9)

1.4 (0.9, 2.2)

0.20

Body mass index (kg/m2)

  Underweight (< 18.5)

423

29 (6.9)

1.0 (0.6, 1.6)

0.89

  Normal (18.5- < 25)

1128

79 (7.0)

0

 

  Overweight/obesity (≥25)

390

26 (6.7)

0.9 (0.6, 1.5)

0.76

Anaemia8

  No

1112

60 (5.4)

0

 

  Yes

826

75 (9.1)

1.9 (1.3, 2.7)

0.001

S. mansoniegg(s) seen

  No

1623

118 (7.3)

0

 

  Yes

141

8 (5.7)

0.8 (0.4, 1.7)

0.60

Hypertension9

  No

1590

109 (6.9)

0

 

  Yes

348

24 (6.9)

1.0 (0.6, 1.6)

0.95

Diabetes Mellitus10

  Normal (≤ 7.7)

965

61 (6.3)

0

 

  Prediabetes (7.8–11.0)

844

56 (6.6)

1.1 (0.7, 1.6)

0.72

  Diabetes (≥ 11.1)

128

18 (14.1)

2.3 (1.3, 4.2)

0.004

  1. 1Estimated glomerular filtration rate < 60 mL/min/1.73m2); 2Adjusted odds ratio - adjusted for age sex and fat-free mass index; 3Confidence interval; 4p-value for 2 tailored Wald test; 5Socioeconomic status calculated using principal component analysis; 6Habitual alcohol drinking of more than two standard drinks for women or more than three standard drinks for men; 7Metabolic equivalent - calculations based on total time spent in moderate and vigorous intensity physical activity per week; 8Haemoglobin level < 12 mg/dL for women and < 13 mg/dL for men; 9Systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90 mmHg or on medication for hypertension; 10Two hour oral glucose tolerance test blood glucose level ≥ 11.1 mmol/L or on medication for diabetes
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BMC Nephrology

ISSN: 1471-2369

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