Table 2 Univariable and multivariable Cox proportional hazard model analyses for KF from all other and Atheroembolic KF

All other KF

Ref

Ref

KF from Atheroembolic Disease

1.80

1.61–2.03

< 0.001

0.93

0.82–1.05

0.24

Age per decade at cohort entry

1.41

1.40–1.43

< 0.001

1.43

1.42–1.45

< 0.001

Male sex

1.04

1.01–1.06

< 0.001

0.95

093–0.97

< 0.001

Primary kidney disease

< 0.001

 Diabetic nephropathy

Ref

 Glomerulonephritis

0.56

0.55–0.58

< 0.001

 Reflux nephropathy

0.39

0.35–0.42

< 0.001

 Polycystic disease

0.42

0.40–0.45

< 0.001

 Hypertension

1.13

1.09–1.16

< 0.001

 Other

1.04

1.01–1.07

< 0.004

Racial origin

< 0.001

< 0.001

 Caucasian

Ref

Ref

 Other

0.75

0.73–0.76

< 0.001

0.83

0.81–0.85

< 0.001

BMI (kg/m²)

< 0.001

< 0.001

  < 18.5

1.25

1.18–1.32

< 0.001

1.43

1.35–1.52

< 0.001

 18.5–24.9

Ref

< 0.001

 25–29.9

0.94

0.92–0.97

< 0.001

0.88

0.86–0.90

< 0.001

  ≥ 30

0.84

0.82–0.86

< 0.001

0.85

0.82–0.87

< 0.001

Late referral

1.17

1.14–1.20

< 0.001

1.23

1.20–1.26

< 0.001

 Diabetes

1.38

1.35–1.41

< 0.001

1.46

1.43–1.50

< 0.001

 CAD

1.86

1.82–1.90

< 0.001

1.30

1.28–1.34

< 0.001

 PVD

1.89

1.85–1.94

< 0.001

1.32

1.28–1.35

< 0.001

 Chronic lung disease

1.64

1.60–1.69

< 0.001

1.30

1.26–1.34

< 0.001

 Cerebrovascular disease

1.74

1.65–1.75

< 0.001

1.20

1.17–1.24

< 0.001

Current smoking

0.97

0.94–1.00

0.06

1.26

1.22–1.30

< 0.001

Dialysis eras (years)

< 0.001

< 0.001

 1990–1998

1.22

1.19–1.26

< 0.001

1.30

1.26–1.35

< 0.001

 1999–2007

Ref

 2008–2017

0.88

0.86–0.90

< 0.001

0.85

0.83–0.87

< 0.001

Modality

< 0.001

< 0.001

 HD

Ref

 HHD

0.22

0.14–0.35

< 0.001

0.31

0.19–0.50

< 0.001

 PD

1.04

1.02–1.07

< 0.001

1.03

1.01–1.06

0.01

 Australia

Ref

 New Zealand

1.09

1.06–1.12

< 0.001

1.44

1.39–1.48

< 0.001