Combining renal cell arrest and damage biomarkers to predict progressive AKI in patient with sepsis

BMC Nephrology

Table 1 Characteristics of septic patients with and without AKI progression

Characteristics	Overall (n = 149)	Progression (n = 63)	Non-Progression (n = 86)	P
Demographics
Age, y	59.6 ± 16.0	60.8 ± 15.2	58.8 ± 16.6	0.536
Male, n (%)	99 (66.4)	34 (54.0)	65 (75.6)	0.006
Hypertension, n (%)	67 (45.0)	28 (44.4)	39 (45.3)	0.913
Diabetes, n (%)	34 (22.8)	15 (23.8)	19 (22.1)	0.805
Prior CKD^a, n (%)	15 (10.1)	8 (12.7)	7 (8.1)	0.361
Mode of admission
Medical, n (%)	27 (18.1)	14 (22.2)	13 (15.1)	0.266
Surgical, n (%)	117 (78.5)	45 (71.4)	72 (83.7)	0.071
Emergency, n (%)	5 (3.4)	4 (6.3)	1 (1.2)	0.082
Primary source of sepsis
Pulmonary, n (%)	90 (60.4)	48 (76.2)	42 (48.8)	0.001
Intra-abdominal, n (%)	27 (18.1)	9 (14.3)	18 (20.9)	0.345
Soft tissue, n (%)	6 (4.0)	2 (3.2)	4 (4.7)	0.651
Urinary, n (%)	4 (2.7)	2 (3.2)	2 (2.3)	0.751
Other, n (%)	40 (26.8)	14 (22.2)	26 (30.2)	0.276
Baseline renal function
Serum creatinine, mg/dL	0.9 ± 0.3	0.9 ± 0.3	0.9 ± 0.3	0.861
eGFR, ml/min per 1.73m²	90.7 ± 27.0	87.8 ± 28.5	91.7 ± 25.9	0.429
Parameters on ICU admission
APACHE II	20.0 (13.0-25.0)	23.0 (18.0-27.0)	17.0 (11.8-23.0)	< 0.001
SOFA	6.0 (4.0-8.0)	7.0 (5.0-9.0)	5.0 (4.0-7.0)	0.031
MODS	5.0 (3.0-6.0)	5.0 (4.0-7.0)	4.0 (3.0-6.0)	0.033
Hemoglobin, g/L	118.1 ± 78.1	106.7 ± 30.4	126.5 ± 98.8	0.014
Blood urea nitrogen, mmol/L	9.6 ± 7.4	10.6 ± 8.0	8.9 ± 6.9	0.274
Serum albumin, g/L	29.3 ± 7.7	28.2 ± 6.9	30.1 ± 8.1	0.072
Blood lactate, mmol/L	2.9 ± 2.1	3.3 ± 2.2	2.7 ± 2.0	0.086
Procalcitonin, ng/ml	2.2 (0.2-19.8)	2.1 (0.9-9.0)	2.6 (0.1-41.3)	0.900
Nephrotoxic antibiotics^b, n (%)	49 (32.9)	28 (44.4)	21 (24.4)	0.010

Continuous variables were expressed as mean ± SD or median (25th percentile-75th percentile, interquartile range). Categorical variables were expressed as a number (%)
AKI progression is defined as worsening of AKI stage
^a Defined as baseline eGFR < 60 ml/min per 1.73m². Baseline eGFR was calculated by CKD-Epidemiology Collaboration equation according to at least three measurements of serum creatinine over a 6-month period before admission
^b Usage of vancomycin, aminoglycosides, or amphotericin before AKI diagnosis
Abbreviation: AKI acute kidney injury, CKD chronic kidney disease, ICU intensive care unit, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, APACHE II Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II, SOFA Sequential Organ Failure Assessment, MODS Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome

ISSN: 1471-2369