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Table 1 Demographics of Participants in VIRUS Registry by AKI status

From: SARS-CoV-2 infection increases risk of acute kidney injury in a bimodal age distribution

 

Total

No AKI

AKI

6874

4155 (60.5)

2719 (39.6)

Age, years, median (IQR)

60 (44–71)

55 (39–68)

65 (53–75)

Age Categories

  < 20 years

621 (9)

450 (11)

171 (6)

 20 to < 40 years

772 (11)

615 (15)

157 (6)

 40 to < 60 years

2038 (30)

1359 (33)

679 (25)

 60 to < 80 years

2647 (39)

1375 (33)

1272 (47)

  ≥ 80 years

796 (12)

356 (9)

440 (16)

BMI categorya

 Underweight

137 (2)

78 (2)

59 (2)

 Normal

1270 (19)

832 (20)

438 (16)

 Overweight

1620 (24)

965 (23)

655 (24)

 Obesity

1666 (24)

921 (22)

745 (27)

 Severe Obesity

552 (8)

302 (7)

250 (9)

 Unknown

1629 (24)

1057 (25)

572 (21)

Sex (male)b

3998 (58)

2327 (56)

1671 (62)

Race/Ethnicityb

 White, non-Hispanic

2189 (32)

1273 (31)

916 (34)

 White, Hispanic

523 (8)

335 (8)

188 (7)

 Black, non-Hispanic

1353 (20)

700 (17)

653 (24)

 Black, Hispanic

50 (0.7)

37 (0.9)

13 (0.5)

 Asian American

95 (1)

53 (1)

42 (2)

 South Asian

1027 (15)

842 (20)

185 (7)

 East Asian

36 (0.5)

20 (0.5)

16 (0.6)

 West Asian

106 (2)

61 (2)

45 (2)

 Other/mixed

845 (12)

511 (12)

334 (12)

 White, ethnicity not specified

402 (6)

184 (4)

218 (8)

 Black, ethnicity not specified

76 (1)

36 (0.9)

40 (2)

Location of Center

 United States

4984 (73)

2872 (69)

2112 (78)

 Non-United States

1890 (28)

1283 (31)

607 (22)

Number of Comorbidities, median (IQR)

2 (1, 4)

2 (1, 4)

3 (1, 5)

Healthy (no comorbidities)

1356 (20)

1020 (25)

336 (12)

Comorbiditiesc

 Hypertension

3404 (50)

1722 (41)

1682 (62)

 Diabetes

2279 (33)

1169 (28)

1110 (41)

 Heart Disease

1577 (23)

732 (18)

845 (31)

Chronic Kidney Disease

754 (11)

339 (8)

415 (15)

 Asthma

757 (11)

478 (12)

279 (10)

 Chronic lung disease, not asthma

1395 (20)

770 (19)

625 (23)

 Stroke/ Neurological disorder

818 (12)

447 (11)

371 (14)

 Cancer

904 (13)

497 (12)

407 (15)

Pre-Hospital Medications

 ACE-I/ARBs

1497 (22)

756 (18)

741 (27)

 Diuretics

179 (3)

77 (2)

102 (4)

 NSAIDs

610 (9)

377 (9)

233 (9)

 Aspirin

1127 (16)

554 (13)

573 (21)

Severity of Diseased

 Mild disease

2710 (39)

1950 (47)

760 (28)

 Moderate disease

2064 (30)

1389 (33)

675 (25)

 Severe disease

2100 (31)

816 (20)

1284 (47)

Ever admitted to ICU (yes)

4075 (59)

2149 (52)

1926 (71)

SARS-CoV2 Testing

 PCR+

6409 (93)

3858 (93)

2551 (94)

 Antibody+

98 (1)

45 (1)

53 (2)

 PCR and antibody+

367 (5)

252 (6)

115 (4)

  1. Data presented as number (column percentile), except where specified. ACE-I = angiotensin-converting enzyme-inhibitors; AKI Acute kidney injury, ARB Angiotensin receptor blockers, BMI Body mass index, ECMO Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, ICU Intensive care unit, IQR Interquartile range, NSAID Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, PCR Polymerase chain reaction, VIRUS Viral Infection and Respiratory Illness Universal Study
  2. aBMI Category defined by CDC. Weight-for-height percentiles used for those < 2 years of age, BMI percentiles used for those 2–17 years of age and categorized as underweight for < 5%, normal for 5–85%, overweight for 85–95%, obesity for > 95%. BMI categories for those ≥18 years of age defined as underweight <BMI 18.5, normal BMI 18.5- < 25, overweight BMI 25- < 30, obesity BMI 30- < 40, and severe obesity BMI ≥ 40
  3. bMissing data: Sex missing for 1 participant. Race/ethnicity data missing for 172 participants
  4. cMultiple comorbidities allowed. Most common ones presented. Heart disease defined as heart failure, coronary artery disease, arrythmias, valvular disease
  5. dSeverity of disease is defined as: severe disease is a composite of the use of invasive organ support therapy (ventilation, use of vasopressor(s) and/or inotrope(s), and/or use of ECMO); moderate disease is defined as patient admitted to an ICU but did not have any of the invasive organ support therapies as defined for severe disease; and mild disease is defined as neither an ICU admission nor invasive organ support therapies for severe disease