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Table 1 Baseline characteristics

From: Efficacy and safety of a low-sodium diet and spironolactone in patients with stage 1-3a chronic kidney disease: a pilot study

Parameters

Low-sodium+placebo (n = 27)

Medium-sodium+SPL (n = 24)

Low-sodium+SPL (n = 23)

P

Male, N (%)

14 (52%)

9 (38%)

16 (70%)

0.763

Age (years)

42.44 ± 11.52

39.71 ± 9.68

43.00 ± 12.65

0.563

CKD stages, N (%)

   

0.967

 Stage 1

16 (59%)

15 (62%)

13 (57%)

 

 Stage 2

7 (26%)

5 (21%)

7 (30%)

 

 Stage 3a

4 (15%)

4 (17%)

3 (13%)

 

Renal diagnosis, N (%)

   

0.791

 IgA nephropathy

13 (48%)

14 (58%)

13 (57%)

 

 MsPGN

0

1 (4%)

1 (4%)

 

 MN

0

1 (4%)

1 (4%)

 

 MCD

1 (4%)

0

0

 

 No renal biopsy

13 (48%)

8 (33%)

8 (35%)

 

Antihypertensive drugs, N (%)

 ARB

20 (74%)

19 (79%)

20 (87%)

0.548

 CCB

3 (11%)

2 (8%)

3 (13%)

0.901

 β-blocker

0

1

0

 

BMI (kg/m2)

24.16 ± 3.42

23.50 ± 3.60

23.45 ± 3.65

0.728

TC (mmol/L)

4.57 ± 0.86

4.56 ± 1.07

4.54 ± 0.77

0.993

TG (mmol/L)

1.38 ± 0.62

2.30 ± 2.06

1.75 ± 0.90

0.053

LDL-C (mmol/L)

2.57 ± 0.56

2.83 ± 0.78

2.76 ± 0.70

0.364

SBP (mmHg)

118.15 ± 9.81

119.29 ± 11.51

122.30 ± 11.85

0.403

DBP (mmHg)

72.30 ± 7.31

72.88 ± 9.13

72.87 ± 10.46

0.965

Blood potassium (mmol/L)

4.34 ± 0.39

4.22 ± 0.39

4.23 ± 0.40

0.476

UNa (mmol/d)

138.48 ± 60.92

157.70 ± 70.00

154.68 ± 87.55

0.598

UK (mmol/d)

54.29 ± 17.61

51.25 ± 13.57

51.31 ± 11.32

0.700

24-h urine protein (g/d)

0.37 (0.23, 0.67)

0.41 (0.32, 0.64)

0.35 (0.28, 0.56)

0.482

24-h urine creatinine (mmol/d)

10.91 (9.03,13.03)

9.41 (7.13,11.91)

11.20 (8.99,13.14)

0.128

24-h urine protein to creatinine ratio (g/mol)

30.22 (19.00,69.46)

50.88 (27.91,73.03)

34.89 (26.60,52.94)

0.342

eGFR (ml/min/1.73m2)

93.15 ± 30.94

98.18 ± 30.75

94.48 ± 27.11

0.826

Scr (μmol/L)

81.66 ± 28.61

76.42 ± 30.90

83.43 ± 28.73

0.694

BUN (mmol/L)

6.02 ± 1.62

5.66 ± 1.82

5.78 ± 2.03

0.767

Alb (g/L)

43.66 ± 2.26

42.78 ± 2.71

42.77 ± 2.64

0.356

PA (g/L)

0.33 ± 0.07

0.34 ± 0.06

0.35 ± 0.09

0.622

UA (μmol/L)

374.90 ± 75.84

360.29 ± 83.86

378.09 ± 75.51

0.705

CRP (mg/L)

1.76 ± 1.98

1.26 ± 1.01

1.51 ± 1.56

0.547

eDPI (g/kg/d)

1.06 ± 0.21

1.00 ± 0.26

1.08 ± 0.23

0.465

  1. Note: Data at the end of the run-in period were taken as baseline values
  2. SPL spironolactone, MsPGN mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis, MN membranous nephropathy, MCD minimal change disease, ARB angiotensin II receptor blocker, CCB calcium channel blocker, BMI body mass index, TC total cholesterol, TG triglycerides, LDL-C low density lipoprotein-cholesterol, SBP systolic blood pressure, DBP diastolic blood pressure, UNa urine sodium, UK urine potassium, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, Scr serum creatinine, BUN blood urea nitrogen, Alb albumin, PA pre-albumin, UA uric acid, CRP C-reactive protein, eDPI estimated daily protein intake