Table 1 Demographic and clinical characteristics of the participants
From: Acute kidney injury in hospitalized children with sickle cell anemia
|  | N (% missing) | Study population (n = 185) |
|---|---|---|
Demographics | ||
 Age, years, median (IQR) | 185 (0.0) | 8.9 (5.9, 11.8) |
 Age categories, n (%) | ||
   < 5 years | 185 (0.0) | 36 (19.5) |
  5–10 years |  | 73 (39.5) |
  > 10 years |  | 76 (41.1) |
 Sex, n (%) Female | 185 (0.0) | 77 (41.6) |
 Height-for-age z score | 184 (0.1) | -1.36 (-2.28, -0.40) |
 Weight-for-age z scorea | 112 (39.5) | -1.47 (-2.04, -0.47) |
 Weight-for-height z scorea | 38 (79.5) | -1.59 (-2.19, -0.39) |
 BMI-for-age z scorea | 149 (19.5) | -1.31(-2.26, -0.40) |
 HIV infection, n (%) | 185 (0.0) | 1 (0.5) |
Routine Medication Use | ||
 Folic acid, n (%) | 185 (0.0) | 117 (63.2) |
 Hydroxyurea, n (%) | 185 (0.0) | 61 (33.0) |
 Penicillin V prophylaxis, n (%) | 185 (0.0) | 11 (6.0) |
  Children < 5 years of age | 36 (0.0) | 5 (13.9) |
Medical History | ||
 Hospital admission past 6 months, n (%) | 185 (0.0) | 78 (42.2) |
 Prior transfusion, n (%) | 185 (0.0) | 140 (75.7) |
 History of stroke, n (%) | 185 (0.0) | 24 (13) |
Clinical characteristics on admission | ||
 Fever, n (%) | 185 (0.0) | 64 (34.6) |
 Heart rate, bpm | 185 (0.0) | 108 (98, 121) |
 Blood pressure category, n (%) | ||
  Hypotensive | 185 (0.0) | 2 (1.1) |
  Normotensive |  | 149 (80.5) |
  Hypertension |  | 31 (18.4) |
 Diarrhea, n (%) | 185 (0.0) | 4 (2.2) |
 Vomiting, n (%) | 185 (0.0) | 13 (7.0) |
 Unable to drink/breastfeed, n (%) | 185 (0.0) | 8 (4.3) |
 Severe anemia, Hemoglobin < 8.0 g/dL, n (%) | 185 (0.0) | 130 (70.3) |
 Splenomegaly, n (%) | 179 (3.2) | 18 (9.7) |
 Liver assessment | ||
  No hepatomegaly | 185 (0.0) | 107 (57.8) |
  Hepatomegaly |  | 40 (21.6) |
  Tender Hepatomegaly |  | 38 (20.5) |
 History of reduced urine output, n (%) | 185 (0.0) | 15 (8.1) |
 History of tea coloured urine, n (%) | 185 (0.0) | 79 (42.7) |
Laboratory findings | ||
 WBC × 103/μL | 185 (0.0) | 22.6 (16.7, 33.4) |
 Neutrophil count × 103/μL | 185 (0.0) | 12.1 (8.3, 17.2) |
 Hemoglobin, g/dL | 185 (0.0) | 7.3 (6.3, 8.3) |
 Platelet count × 109/L | 185 (0.0) | 418 (306, 525) |
 Sepsis, n (%) | 185 (0.0) | 19 (10.3) |
 Malaria, n (%) | 177 (4.3) | 17 (9.6) |
 Urinary tract infection, n (%) | 182 (1.6) | 4 (2.2) |
 Acute infection, n (%) | 185 (0.0) | 38 (20.5) |
Kidney Function | ||
 Creatinine, mg/dL | 185 (0.0) | 0.3 (0.19, 0.4) |
 Urine albumin to creatinine ratio, n (%) | ||
   < 3 mg/mmol | 175 (5.4) | 105 (60.0) |
  3–30 mg/mmol |  | 55 (31.4) |
   > 30 mg/mmol |  | 15 (8.6) |
 Admission eGFR, mL/min per 1.73m2 | ||
  CKiD SCr equation | 184 (0.1) | 184 (139, 227) |
  CKiD Cystatin C equation | 184 (0.1) | 86 (68, 107) |
  CKiD SCr + Cystatin C equation | 184 (0.1) | 133 (104, 160) |
Outcome | ||
 In-hospital mortality, n (%) | 185 (0.0) | 6 (3.2) |