Table 1 Characteristics of study population overall and according to sex
| Â | All Participants | Female | Male |
|---|---|---|---|
n = 341,208 | n = 183,822 | n = 157,386 | |
Age (years) | 56.69 (8.01) | 56.50 (7.91) | 56.91 (8.11) |
Smoking status | |||
  Current | 34,882 (10.2%) | 16,086 (8.8%) | 18,796 (11.9%) |
  Never | 184,846 (54.2%) | 108,045 (58.8%) | 76,801 (48.8%) |
  Past | 121,480 (35.6%) | 59,691 (32.5%) | 61,789 (39.3%) |
Some university education | 193,791 (56.8%) | 100,608 (54.7%) | 93,183 (59.2%) |
Alcohol drinking status | |||
  Current | 319,390 (93.6%) | 169,577 (92.3%) | 149,813 (95.2%) |
  Never | 10,307 (3.0%) | 7,725 (4.2%) | 2,582 (1.6%) |
  Past | 11,511 (3.4%) | 6,520 (3.5%) | 4,991 (3.2%) |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 27.34 (4.73) | 26.94 (5.11) | 27.80 (4.20) |
LDL-c (mmol/L) | 3.57 (0.87) | 3.64 (0.87) | 3.49 (0.86) |
Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 1.75 (1.02) | 1.55 (0.85) | 1.98 (1.14) |
Hypertension | 188,082 (55.1%) | 88,941 (48.4%) | 99,141 (63.0%) |
Type II diabetes | 16,596 (4.9%) | 6004 (3.3%) | 10,592 (6.7%) |
Coronary artery disease | 12,044 (3.5%) | 2569 (1.4%) | 9,475 (6.0%) |
History of stroke | 5,489 (1.6%) | 2264 (1.2%) | 3,225 (2.0%) |
Heart failure | 947 (0.3%) | 231 (0.1%) | 716 (0.5%) |
Cholesterol-lowering medication | 57,130 (16.7%) | 22,065 (12.0%) | 35,065 (22.3%) |
Antihypertensive medication | 68,615 (20.1%) | 30,859 (16.8%) | 37,756 (24.0%) |
Hormone replacement therapy | NA | 13,325 (7.5%) | NA |
Albuminuria | 17,006 (5.0%) | 6,886 (3.7%) | 10,120 (6.4%) |
eGFRcre < 60 ml/min | 7,605 (2.2%) | 4,071 (2.2%) | 3,534 (2.2%) |
eGFRcys < 60 ml/min | 14,986 (4.4%) | 7,882 (4.3%) | 7,104 (4.5%) |
Verbal-numeric reasoning score | 6.17 (2.10) | 6.07 (2.03) | 6.32 (2.18) |
Reaction time (ms) | 555.14 (113.15) | 563.14 (113.51) | 545.80 (112.01) |
Visual memory score (errors) | 4.11 (3.26) | 4.11 (3.18) | 4.10 (3.35) |