Table 1 Characteristics of Studies Included in the Meta-Analysis
Study | Country | Treatment comparison | Treatments names | Setting | Funding | Albuminuria | Diabetes Mellitus Type | Stage of CKD |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Melbourne Diabetic Nephropathy Study Group 1991 | Australia | RAAS inhibitors; Other Anti-HTN | Perindopril; Nifedipine | Outpatient clinic | Pharmaceutical | Microalbuminuria | Mixed (38% type 1) | Stage 1 |
Chan 1992 | China | RAAS inhibitors; Other Anti-HTN | Enalapril; Nifedipine | Outpatient clinic | Pharmaceutical | Mixed (normoalbuminuria, microalbuminuria and macroalbuminuria) | Type2 | Up to stage 4 |
Lacourciere 1993 | Canada | RAAS inhibitors; Other Anti-HTN | Captopril; Metoprolol or HCZ | Others | Not mentioned | Mixed (normoalbuminuria and microalbuminuria) | Type2 | Stage 1 |
Lewis 1993 | USA | RAAS inhibitors; Placebo | Captopril; Placebo | Hospital | Both pharmaceutical and governmental | Not mentioned | Type1 | Generally abnormal GFR |
Ravid 1993 and 1995 | Israel | RAAS inhibitors; Placebo | Enalapril; Placebo | Outpatient clinic | Governmental | Microalbuminuria | Type2 | Stage 1 |
Lebovitz 1994 | USA | RAAS inhibitors; Placebo | Enalapril; Placebo | Not mentioned | Both pharmaceutical and governmental | Mixed (normoalbuminuria, microalbuminuria and macroalbuminuria) | Type2 | Stage 3 |
Viberti 1994 | International | RAAS inhibitors; Placebo | Captopril; Placebo | Hospital | Pharmaceutical | Microalbuminuria | Type1 | Stage 1 |
Agardh 1996 | International | RAAS inhibitors; Other Anti-HTN | Lisinopril; Nifedipine | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | Microalbuminuria | Type2 | Up to stage 3 |
Bakris 1996 | USA | RAAS inhibitors; Other Anti-HTN | Lisinopril; Verapamil or Diltiazem; Atenolol | Outpatient clinic | Governmental | Macroalbuminuria | Type2 | Generally abnormal GFR |
Schnack 1996 | Austria | RAAS inhibitors; Other Anti-HTN | Ramipril; Atenolol | Outpatient clinic | Not mentioned | Microalbuminuria | Type2 | Stage 1 |
Ahmad 1997 | India | RAAS inhibitors; Placebo | Enalapril; Placebo | Outpatient clinic | Governmental | Microalbuminuria | Type2 | Stage 1 |
Chaturvedi 1997 | Europe | RAAS inhibitors; Placebo | Lisinopril; Placebo | Outpatient clinic | Pharmaceutical | Mixed (normoalbuminuria, microalbuminuria and macroalbuminuria) | Type1 | Not clear |
Fogari 1997 | Italy | RAAS inhibitors; Other Anti-HTN | Enalapril; Amlodipine | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | Microalbuminuria | Type2 | Stage 1 |
Crepaldi 1998 | Italy | RAAS inhibitors; Other Anti-HTN; Placebo | Lisinopril; Nifedipine; Placebo | Hospital and clinic | Pharmaceutical | Microalbuminuria | Type1 | Stage 1 |
Ravid 1998 | Israel | RAAS inhibitors; Placebo | Enalapril; Placebo | Outpatient clinic | Governmental | Normoalbuminuria | Type2 | Stage 1 |
UKPDS 1998 | UK | RAAS inhibitors; Other Anti-HTN | Captopril; Atenolol | Outpatient clinic | Both pharmaceutical and governmental | Mixed (normoalbuminuria, microalbuminuria and macroalbuminuria) | Type2 | Stage 1 |
Fogari 1999 | Italy | RAAS inhibitors; Other Anti-HTN | Ramipril; Nitrendipine | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | Macroalbuminuria | Type2 | Generally abnormal GFR |
Muirhead 1999 | Canada | RAAS inhibitors; Placebo | Valsartan; Captopril; Placebo | Outpatient clinic | Pharmaceutical | Microalbuminuria | Type2 | Stage 1 |
HOPE 2000 | International | RAAS inhibitors; Placebo | Ramipril; Placebo | Hospital and clinic | Both pharmaceutical and governmental | Mixed (normoalbuminuria and microalbuminuria) | Mixed (2.3% Type 1) | Stage 1 |
O'Hare 2000 | UK and Ireland | RAAS inhibitors; Placebo | Ramipril; Placebo | Outpatient clinic | Pharmaceutical | Microalbuminuria | Type1 | Stage 1 |
Schrier 2000 | USA | RAAS inhibitors; Other Anti-HTN | Enalapril; Nisoldipine | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | Macroalbuminuria | Type2 | Up to stage 3 |
Tarnow 2000 | Denmark | RAAS inhibitors; Other Anti-HTN | Lisinopril; Nisoldipine | Outpatient clinic | Pharmaceutical | Macroalbuminuria | Type2 | Up to stage 3 |
Lewis 2001 | International | RAAS inhibitors; Other Anti-HTN; Placebo | Irbesartan; Amlodipine; Placebo | Outpatient clinic | Pharmaceutical | Macroalbuminuria | Type2 | Up to stage 5 |
Baines 2001 | UK and Italy | RAAS inhibitors; Other Anti-HTN; Placebo | Enalapril; Nifedipine; Placebo | Hospital | Both pharmaceutical and governmental | Mixed (microalbuminuria and macroalbuminuria) | Type1 | Stage 1 |
Bojestig 2001 | Sweden | RAAS inhibitors; Placebo | Lisinopril; Placebo | Outpatient clinic | Pharmaceutical | Microalbuminuria | Type1 | Not mentioned |
Brenner 2001 | International | RAAS inhibitors; Placebo | Losartan; Placebo | Outpatient clinic | Pharmaceutical | Macroalbuminuria | Type2 | Generally abnormal GFR |
Parving 2001 | International | RAAS inhibitors; Placebo | Irbesartan; Placebo | Not mentioned | Pharmaceutical | Microalbuminuria | Type2 | Stage 1 |
Kvetny 2001 | Denmark | RAAS inhibitors; Placebo | Perindopril; Placebo | Not mentioned | Pharmaceutical | Normoalbuminuria | Type1 | Stage 1 |
Baba 2001 | Japan | RAAS inhibitors; Other Anti-HTN | Enalapril; Nifedipine | Outpatient clinic | Not mentioned | Mixed (normoalbuminuria and microalbuminuria) | Type2 | Up to stage 3 |
Katayama 2002 | Japan | RAAS inhibitors; Placebo | Imidapril; Captopril; Placebo | Not mentioned | Governmental | Mixed (microalbuminuria and macroalbuminuria) | Mixed (97.5% Type 1) | Stage 1 |
Fogari 2002 | Italy | RAAS inhibitors; Other Anti-HTN | Fosinopril; Amlodipine | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | Microalbuminuria | Type2 | Stage 1 |
Schrier 2002 | USA | RAAS inhibitors; Other Anti-HTN | Enalapril; Nisoldipine | Not mentioned | Both pharmaceutical and governmental | Mixed (normoalbuminuria, microalbuminuria and macroalbuminuria) | Type2 | Up to stage 3 |
Ahmad 2003 | India | RAAS inhibitors; Placebo | Enalapril; Placebo | Outpatient clinic | Not mentioned | Microalbuminuria | Mixed (85.8% Type 1) | Stage 1 |
Marre 2004 | International | RAAS inhibitors; Other Anti-HTN | Enalapril; Indapamide | Hospital | Pharmaceutical | Microalbuminuria | Type2 | Stage 1 |
Jerums 2004 | Australia | RAAS inhibitors; Other Anti-HTN; Placebo | Perindopril; Nifedipine; Placebo | Hospital | Both pharmaceutical and governmental | Microalbuminuria | Type2 | Up to stage 2 |
Ruggenenti 2004 | Italy | RAAS inhibitors; Other Anti-HTN; Placebo | Trandolapril; Verapamil; Placebo | Not mentioned | Both pharmaceutical and governmental | Normoalbuminuria | Type2 | Stage 1 |
DallaVestra 2004 | Italy | RAAS inhibitors; Other Anti-HTN | Ramipril; Lercanidpine | Others | Not mentioned | Microalbuminuria | Type2 | Stage 1 |
Fogari 2005 | Italy | RAAS inhibitors; Other Anti-HTN | Lisinopril; Manidipine | Outpatient clinic | Governmental | Microalbuminuria | Type2 | Stage 1 |
Ogawa 2007 | Japan | RAAS inhibitors; Other Anti-HTN | Temocapril; Candesartan; Nifedipine | Outpatient clinic | Not mentioned | Microalbuminuria | Type2 | Stage 1 |
Makino 2008 | Japan | RAAS inhibitors; Placebo | Telmisartan; Placebo | Hospital and clinic | Pharmaceutical | Microalbuminuria | Type2 | Stage 1 |
Bilous 2009 | International | RAAS inhibitors; Placebo | Candesartan; Placebo | Secondary care facility | Pharmaceutical | Normoalbuminuria | Mixed (63.6% Type 1) | Stage 1 |
Mauer 2009 | USA and Canada | RAAS inhibitors; Placebo | Enalapril; Losartan; Placebo | Outpatient clinic | Both pharmaceutical and governmental | Normoalbuminuria | Type1 | Stage 1 |
Haller 2011 | International | RAAS inhibitors; Placebo | Olmesartan; Placebo | Secondary care facility | Pharmaceutical | Normoalbuminuria | Type2 | Up to stage 3 |
Ruggenenti 2011 | Italy and Slovenia | RAAS inhibitors; Placebo | Delapril; Placebo | Outpatient clinic | Both pharmaceutical and governmental | Mixed (normoalbuminuria and microalbuminuria) | Type2 | Stage 1 |
Weil 2013 | USA | RAAS inhibitors; Placebo | Losartan; Placebo | Not mentioned | Both pharmaceutical and governmental | Mixed (normoalbuminuria and microalbuminuria) | Type2 | Stage 1 |
Fuchs 2016 | Brazil | RAAS inhibitors; Other Anti-HTN | Losartan; Chlorthalidone/Amiloride | Secondary care facility | Governmental | Not mentioned | Type2 | Not mentioned |