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Table 2 Mouse models of diabetic kidney disease

From: Targeting inflammation for the treatment of Diabetic Kidney Disease: a five-compartment mechanistic model

Strain

Model compartments (see Fig. 1)

Diabetogenic mechanism

Reported features

Type 1 diabetes

 C57BL/6

Immune cell recruitment, resorption, filtration

Streptozotocin

Mild glomerular and tubulointerstitial damage, mild albuminuria, GFR increase, hyperglycemia

 Akita (Ins2C96Y) on C57BL/6

Immune cell recruitment, structural support, filtration

Toxic mutation in insulin 2 gene

GBM thickening, mesangial expansion, albuminuria, hyperglycemia, hypertension

 ApoE−/− on C57BL/6

Immune cell recruitment, resorption, filtration

Streptozotocin + hyperlipidemia

Glomerular and tubulointerstitial damage, albuminuria, hyperglycemia

 Nos3−/− on C57BL/6

Immune cell recruitment, filtration

STZ + NO deficiency

Glomerular fibrosis, albuminuria, hyperglycemia

 BALB/c

Immune cell recruitment, filtration

Streptozotocin

Glomerular damage, hyperglycemia; no change in GFR

 DBA/2 J

Immune cell recruitment, resorption, structural support

Streptozotocin

Glomerular fibrosis, tubulointerstitial damage, hyperglycemia

 Akita (Ins2C96Y) on DBA/2 J

Immune cell recruitment, resorption, filtration, structural support

Toxic mutation in insulin 2 gene

Albuminuria, hyperglycemia

 OVE on FVB

Immune cell recruitment, resorption, filtration, structural support

Calmodulin mutation and toxic protein accumulation

Glomerular and tubulointerstitial fibrosis, albuminuria, GFR reduction, hyperglycemia, hypertension

 TTRhRen on FVB

Immune cell recruitment, resorption, structural support

Hypertension + streptozotocin

Tubulointerstitial fibrosis, mesangial expansion, albuminuria, GFR decrease, hyperglycemia, hypertension

 CD1

Immune cell recruitment, resorption, structural support

Streptozotocin

Tubulointerstitial fibrosis, mesangial expansion, albuminuria, hyperglycemia

 129/SV

Immune cell recruitment, filtration

Streptozotocin + 2 renin receptors

Albuminuria, hyperglycemia

 Akita (Ins2C96Y) on 129/SV

Immune cell recruitment, structural support

Toxic mutation in insulin 2 gene

Mesangial expansion, albuminuria, hyperglycemia, hypertension

 KKH1J

Immune cell recruitment, filtration

Streptozotocin

Glomerular damage, albuminuria, hyperglycemia

 NOD Mice

Filtration, structural support

Genetic obesity + streptozotocin

Hyperglycemia

Type 2 diabetes

 Db/db on C57BL/Ks

Immune cell recruitment, structural support

Leptin resistance

Mesangial expansion, albuminuria, hyperglycemia

 Db/db Nos3−/− on C57BL/Ks

Immune cell recruitment, filtration, and structural support

Leptin resistance + NO deficiency

Albuminuria, GFR decrease, hyperglycemia

 Ob/ob

Immune cell recruitment, filtration, and structural support

Leptin deficiency

Hyperglycemia

 Ob/ob on BTBR

Immune cell recruitment, filtration, and structural support

Leptin deficiency + hyperinsulinemia

Hyperglycemia

 KK and KKay

Immune cell recruitment, filtration, and structural support

Agouti gene

Albuminuria, hyperglycemia, hypertension

  1. Based on Nguyen et al., 2019 [72]
  2. Abbreviations: GFR glomerular filtration rate, NOD non-obese diabetic, FVB Friend leukaemia virus B, STZ + NO deficiency, streptozotocin + nitric oxide deficiency