Fig. 2

Causes of death and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (CCEs) in HD patients. Among the 108 HD patients, 17 deaths and 15 CCEs were recorded during the follow-up time. Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events were the primary cause of death, accounting for 41.2% as seven and 11.8% as two respectively. Five patients died of infection, and three of the other causes including cancer, gastrointestinal hemorrhage and acute pancreatitis. In those 15 cases attacked by CCEs, six survived and were alive until the end of follow-up. In total, 23 patients achieved the composite endpoint