Table 1 Frequency of study variables based on CKD Status on adult Shahedieh residents aged 30–73 years

Age (yr), mean (SD)

–

48.39(9.58)

54.09(9.42)

46.30(8.073)

< 0.0001*

waist-to-hip ratio, mean (SD)

–

0.93(0.07)

0.94(0.07)

0.092(0.06)

< 0.0001*

Sex, frequency (percent)

Male

4921(50.3)

1186(44.2)

3735(52.6)

< 0.0001^**

Female

4860(49.7)

1499(55.8)

3361(47.4)

Level of Education, frequency (percent)

Illiterate

1619(16.6)

744(27.7)

875(12.3)

< 0.0001^**

Primary

3063(31.3)

904(33.6)

2159(30.4)

Intermediate

1620(16.6)

344(12.8)

1276 (18)

Diploma

1968(20.1)

384(14.3)

1584(22.3)

Associate Degree

378(3.9)

95(3.5)

283(4)

Bachelor

936(9.6)

174(6.5)

762(10.7)

Master’s and higher

197(2.0)

40(1.4)

157(2.2)

BMI, frequency (percent)

< 25

2355 (24)

513(19)

1798(25.3)

< 0.0001^**

25–29.9

4086(42)

1148 (43)

3052(43)

≥30

3340(34)

1024 (38)

2246(31.7)

marital status, frequency (percent)

Not married

37(0.4)

8(.3)

26(.4)

< 0.0001^**

Married

9358(95.7)

2507(93.3)

6861(96.7)

Widow

339(3.4)

155(5.8)

180(2.5)

Divorced

47(0.5)

15(.6)

29(.4)

Smoking, frequency (percent)

Yes

2210(22.6)

540(20.1)

1670(23.6)

< 0.0001^**

NO

7571(77.4)

2145(79.9)

5426(76.4)

Employed, frequency (percent)

Yes

4424(42.3)

857(32)

3567(50.3)

< 0.0001^**

NO

5357(57.7)

1828(68)

3529(49.7)

Diabetes, frequency (percent)

Yes

1781(17.5)

735(27.4)

1046 (14)

< 0.0001^**

NO

8000(82.5)

1950(70.7)

6050(85.2)

High blood pressure, frequency (percent)

Yes

2071(20.8)

898(33.5)

1173(16.5)

< 0.0001^**

NO

7710(79.2)

1787(66.5)

5923(83.5)

history of CVD, frequency (percent)

Yes

783(7.8)

349(13)

434(6.1)

< 0.001^**

NO

8998(92.2)

2336(87)

6662(93.9)

History of myocardial infarction, frequency (percent)

Yes

213(2.1)

88(3.3)

125(1.8)

< 0.0001^**

NO

9568(97.9)

2597(96.7)

6971(98.2)

History of stroke, frequency (percent)

Yes

110(1.1)

56(2.1)

54(.8)

< 0.0001^**

NO

9671(98.9)

2629(97.9)

7042(99.2)

History of renal stones, frequency (percent)

Yes

1583(16.2)

518(19.3)

1065 (15)

< 0.0001^**

NO

8198(83.8)

2167(80.7)

6031(85)

Opium consumption, frequency (percent)

Yes

1040(10.6)

233(8.7)

807(11.4)

< 0.0001^**

NO

8741(89.4)

2452(91.3)

6289(88.6)

Alcohol consumption, frequency (percent)

Yes

366(3.8)

93(3.5)

273(3.8)

0.353^**

NO

9415(96.2)

2592(96.5)

6823(96.2.)

TG, frequency (percent)

≥200

4556(46.6)

1424 (53)

3132(44.1)

< 0.0001^**

< 200

5225(53.4)

1261 (47)

3964(55.9)

LDL, frequency (percent)

≥130

5156(52.7)

1528(56.9)

3628(51.1)

< 0.0001^**

< 130

4625(47.3)

1157(43.1)

3468(48.9)

HDL, frequency (percent)

< 35

574(5.9)

136(5.1)

438(6.2)

< 0.0001^**

≥35

9207(94.1)

2549(94.9)

6658(93.8)

Chol, frequency (percent)

≥240

3602(36.9)

1167(43.5)

2435(34.3)

< 0.0001^**

< 240

6179(63.1)

1518(56.5)

4661(65.7)

Water consumption per day, frequency (percent)

8 glass >

9503(97.1)

2617(97.5)

6886(97)

0.523^**

> 8 glass

278(2.9)

68(2.5)

210(3)