Table 2 Risk factors of kidney disease among study patients
Patients with eGFR of ≥ 60mls or proteinuria of trace or negative | Patients with eGFR < 60mls / min and or proteinuria ≥ + 1 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Statistic | Frequency (%) | Frequency (%) | Odds Ratio | 95% CI | P-value |
Frequency (N = 357) | 263 (73.7) | 94 (26.3) | |||
Age: Median (IQR) | 45 (30—62) | 51 (35—67) | 1.01 | 1.00—1.02 | 0.069 |
Age categories | |||||
18–35 | 93 (79.5) | 24 (20.5) | 1.00 | ||
36–59 | 97 (72.9) | 36 (27.1) | 1.44 | 0.80—2.59 | 0.227 |
60 years and above | 73 (68.2) | 34 (31.8) | 1.80 | 0.98—3.31 | 0.056 |
Sex (%) | |||||
Female | 124 (73.8) | 44 (26.2) | 1.00 | ||
Male | 139 (73.5) | 50 (26.5) | 1.01 | 0.63—1.63 | 0.955 |
Alcohol Use | |||||
No | 153 (72.5) | 58 (27.5) | 1.00 | ||
Yes | 110 (75.3) | 36 (24.7) | 0.86 | 0.53—1.40 | 0.551 |
Previous or Current Cigarette smoking | |||||
No | 214 (74.3) | 74 (25.7) | 1.00 | ||
Yes | 49 (71) | 20 (29) | 1.18 | 0.66—2.12 | 0.577 |
HIV status | |||||
Negative | 186 (73.5) | 67 (26.5) | 1.00 | ||
Positive | 77 (74) | 27 (26) | 0.97 | 0.58—1.64 | 0.919 |
Had Diabetes mellitus | |||||
No | 236 (75.2) | 78 (24.8) | 1.00 | ||
Yes | 27 (62.8) | 16 (37.2) | 1.79 | 0.92—3.50 | 0.087 |
Had Hypertension | |||||
No | 222 (77.9) | 63 (22.1) | 1.00 | ||
Yes | 41 (56.9) | 31 (43.1) | 2.66 | 1.55—4.59 | < 0.001 |
Previous febrile illness in past 3 months | |||||
No | 117 (73.6) | 42 (26.4) | 1.00 | ||
Yes | 146 (73.7) | 52 (26.3) | 0.99 | 0.62—1.59 | 0.974 |
Diarrhea or vomiting in past 3-months | |||||
No | 177 (79.4) | 46 (20.6) | 1.00 | ||
Yes | 86 (64.2) | 48 (35.8) | 2.15 | 1.33—3.47 | 0.002 |
Previous use of herbal remedies | |||||
No | 235 (73.9) | 83 (26.1) | 1.00 | ||
Yes | 28 (71.8) | 11 (28.2) | 1.11 | 0.53—2.33 | 0.778 |
Previous use of NSAIDS | |||||
No | 243 (74.1) | 85 (25.9) | 1.00 | ||
Yes | 20 (69) | 9 (31) | 1.29 | 0.56—2.93 | 0.549 |
Heart failure | |||||
No | 258 (74.6) | 88 (25.4) | 1.00 | ||
Yes | 5 (45.5) | 6 (54.5) | 3.52 | 1.05—11.81 | 0.042 |