Table 3 Correlation of each item of CKD knowledge scale with the whole scale

1. Number of kidneys in a healthy individual

0.082

0.003

2.1. Produce urine

0.242

<  0.001

2.2. Break down protein in the body

0.357

<  0.001

2.3. Clean blood/ filter waste products in the blood

0.368

<  0.001

2.4. Help in keeping the bones healthy

0.484

<  0.001

2.5. Help in maintaining blood pressure

0.570

<  0.001

2.6. Produce substances that break down fats

0.300

<  0.001

3.1. Renal assessment via urine test

0.257

<  0.001

3.2. Renal assessment via blood test

0.398

<  0.001

3.3. Renal assessment via fecal test

0.239

<  0.001

3.4. Blood pressure monitoring

0.493

<  0.001

4. CKD stages

0.181

<  0.001

5.1. Affected organs: heart

0.212

<  0.001

5.2. Affected organs: lungs

0.282

<  0.001

5.3. Affected organs: skin

0.316

<  0.001

5.4. Affected organs: brain

0.328

<  0.001

6.1. Hypertension

0.479

<  0.001

6.2. Diabetes

0.558

<  0.001

6.3. Family history of CKD

0.448

<  0.001

6.4. Heart diseases such as heart failure or heart attack

0.541

<  0.001

6.5. Pain killers (e.g., NSAIDs)

0.475

<  0.001

6.6. Obesity

0.552

<  0.001

6.7. Excess stress

0.487

<  0.001

7.1. Nausea and vomiting

0.471

<  0.001

7.2. Tiredness/ fatigue

0.565

<  0.001

7.3. Loss of appetite

0.536

<  0.001

7.4. Fever

0.362

<  0.001

7.5. Fluid overload

0.462

<  0.001

8.1. Limit the intake of juices and soft drinks

0.279

<  0.001

8.2. Keep blood sugar levels under control

0.543

<  0.001

8.3. Keep blood pressure under control

0.533

<  0.001

8.4. Keep body weight under control

0.590

<  0.001

9.1. Drugs

0.356

<  0.001

9.2. Dialysis

0.377

<  0.001