Table 1 Baseline characteristics of all the patients at enrollment (n = 962)

Participants

231

232

247

252

Age(years)

71.54 ± 12.13

69.02 ± 13.27

67.03 ± 13.00

62.30 ± 14.03

 < 0.001

SBP(mmHg)

140.81 ± 21.86

140.14 ± 22.19

136.89 ± 20.74

139.83 ± 22.53

0.206

BMI(kg/m²)

23.15 ± 4.46

23.78 ± 4.05

23.54 ± 3.91

24.50 ± 3.78

0.002

HB(g/dL)

9.19 ± 0.94

11.14 ± 0.45

12.76 ± 0.46

14.84 ± 0.99

 < 0.001

ALB(g/dL)

3.53 ± 0.61

3.77 ± 0.54

4.01 ± 0.52

4.15 ± 0.56

 < 0.001

Scr(mg/dL)

2.65 (1.91–3.99)

2.08 (1.50–2.92)

1.43 (1.10–1.96)

1.25 (1.06–1.55)

 < 0.001

eGFR (ml/min per 1.73 m²)

19.83 ± 12.94

25.93 ± 13.25

37.53 ± 16.00

47.28 ± 15.64

 < 0.001

UPCR (g/gCr)

1.75 (0.53–4.50)

1.22 (0.21–3.15)

0.28 (0.07–1.57)

0.27 (0.05–1.07)

 < 0.001

Gender

 < 0.001

 Male

126 (54.55%)

148 (63.79%)

171 (69.23%)

225 (89.29%)

 Female

105 (45.45%)

84 (36.21%)

76 (30.77%)

27 (10.71%)

Etiology of CKD

 < 0.001

 Diabetic nephropathy, n(%)

93 (40.26%)

74 (31.90%)

45 (18.22%)

32 (12.70%)

 Nephrosclerosis, n (%)

79 (34.20%)

84 (36.21%)

114 (46.15%)

108 (42.86%)

 Glomerulonephritis, n (%)

30 (12.99%)

40 (17.24%)

43 (17.41%)

65 (25.79%)

 Other, n (%)

29 (12.55%)

34 (14.66%)

45 (18.22%)

47 (18.65%)

Urinary occult blood, n(%)

71 (30.74%)

101 (43.53%)

70 (28.34%)

68 (26.98%)

 < 0.001

Hypertension, n (%)

220 (95.24%)

217 (93.53%)

220 (89.07%)

209 (82.94%)

 < 0.001

History of CVD, n (%)

83 (35.93%)

70 (30.17%)

56 (22.67%)

49 (19.44%)

 < 0.001

Diabetes, n (%)

112 (48.48%)

97 (41.81%)

90 (36.44%)

65 (25.79%)

 < 0.001

Use of RAAS inhibitor, n(%)

156 (67.53%)

175 (75.43%)

160 (64.78%)

135 (53.57%)

 < 0.001

Use of calcium channel blocker, n (%)

127 (54.98%)

121 (52.16%)

117 (47.37%)

94 (37.30%)

 < 0.001

Use of diuretics, n (%)

123 (53.25%)

81 (34.91%)

60 (24.29%)

48 (19.05%)

 < 0.001