Table 3 Associations of the screening frequency of eGFR and potential covariates with significant eGFR reduction among patients with normal kidney function (eGFR≥60 ml/min/1.73 m²)

eGFR screened yearly

Yes

1380 (95.2)

69 (4.8)

No

2228 (85.9)

367 (14.1)

3.29 (2.54–4.33, p < 0.001)

2.06 (1.21–3.73, p = 0.011)

Sex n (%)

Male

2013 (89.4)

238 (10.6)

–

–

Female

1595 (89.0)

198 (11.0)

1.05 (08.6–1.28, p = 0.632)

0.98 (0.68–1.40, p = 0.900)

Age, mean (SD)

68.8 (11.7)

76.4 (10.4)

1.07 (1.06–1.08, p < 0.001)

1.07 (1.05–1. 10, p < 0.001)

LDL, n (%)

<  2.5 mmol/l

1897 (88.0)

259 (12.0)

≥ 2.5 mmol/l

1521 (92.1)

131 (7.9)

0.63 (0.50–0.79, p < 0.001)

0.95 (0.65–1.40, p = 0.808)

HbA1c, n (%)

<  53 mmol/mol

2605 (91.2)

250 (8.8)

1.86 (1.50–2.29, p < 0.001)

≥ 53 mmol/mol

904 (84.9)

161 (15.1)

1.48 (0.93–2.34, p = 0.100)

systolic BP, n (%)

<  135 mmHg

548 (85.2)

95 (14.8)

≥ 135 mmHg

518 (86.5)

81 (13.5)

0.90 (0.65–1.24, p = 0.527)

0.72 (0.51–1.02, p = 0.069)

ACEi/ARB in use

Yes

2049 (86.9)

310 (13.1)

No

1559 (92.5)

126 (7.5)

1.87 (1.51–2.33, p < 0.001)

1.74 (1.16–2.66, p = 0.009)

SGLT2i in use

Yes

602 (92.8)

47 (7.2)

No

3006 (88.5)

389 (11.5)

0.60 (0.44–0.82, p = 0.002)

0.70 (0.38–1.24, p = 0.244)

GLP-1 RAs in use

Yes

119 (91.5)

11 (8.5)

No

3489 (89.1)

425 (10.9)

0.76 (0.38–1.36, p = 0.387)

0.92 (0.14–3.66, p = 0.912)

Any long-acting insulin in use

Yes

756 (82.8)

157 (17.2)

No

2852 (91.1)

279 (8.9)

2.12 (1.72–2.62, p < 0.001)

1.40 (0.87–2.23, p = 0.162)

Statin in use

Yes

2619 (89.1)

322 (10.9)

No

989 (89.7)

114 (10.3)

1.07 (0.85–1.34, p = 0.576)

1.02 (0.67–1.58, p = 0.937)