Table 1 Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of study participants

Sociodemographic

 Gender

.435

0.05

  Female

130 (42.6%)

27 (38.6%)

103 (43.8%)

  Male

175 (57.4%)

43 (61.4%)

132 (56.2%)

 Age (years)

53.97 (11.06)

55.70 (10.05)

53.45 (11.31)

.136

0.20

 Ethnicity

.268

0.12

  Chinese

162 (54.5%)

45 (64.3%)

117 (51.5%)

  Malay

112 (37.7%)

20 (28.6%)

92 (40.5%)

  Indian

22 (7.4%)

5 (7.1%)

17 (7.5%)

  Others

1 (0.3%)

0 (0.0%)

1 (0.4%)

 Highest Education

.160

0.08

  Secondary or lower

252 (84.0%)

60 (89.6%)

192 (82.4%)

  Post-secondary or higher

48 (16.0%)

7 (10.4%)

41 (17.6%)

 Relationship status

.615

0.03

  In a relationship

201 (67.2%)

44 (64.7%)

157 (68.0%)

  Not in a relationship

98 (32.8%)

24 (35.3%)

74 (32.0%)

 Working status

.798

0.02

  Working

108 (41.1%)

23 (42.6%)

85 (40.7%)

  Not working

155 (58.9%)

31 (57.4%)

124 (59.3%)

 Household income

.906

0.01

  S$2000 or below

148 (61.4%)

36 (62.1%)

112 (61.2%)

  Above S$2000

93 (38.6%)

22 (37.9%)

71 (38.8%)

Clinical

 Age at ESRD diagnosis

45.67 (14.28)

48.73 (14.39)

44.79 (14.15)

.046*

0.28

 Primary kidney disease diagnosis

.135

0.18

  Diabetic nephropathy

107 (39.2%)

31 (51.7%)

76 (35.7%)

  Primary glomerulonephritis

65 (23.8%)

10 (16.7%)

55 (25.8%)

  Hypertension

20 (7.3%)

2 (3.3%)

18 (8.5%)

  IgA nephropathy

23 (8.4%)

7 (11.7%)

16 (7.5%)

  Polycystic kidney disease

8 (2.9%)

2 (3.3%)

6 (2.8%)

  Others/uncertain aetiology

50 (18.3%)

8 (13.3%)

42 (19.7%)

 Time on HD (months)

55.73 (57.70)

38.93 (44.08)

60.79 (60.39)

.001**

0.38

  0–6 months

67 (22.6%)

22 (32.4%)

45 (19.7%)

.008**

0.18

  7–24 months

51 (17.2%)

16 (23.5%)

35 (15.3%)

  Beyond 24 months

179 (60.3%)

30 (44.1%)

149 (65.1%)

 Presence of cerebrovascular disease

.182

0.08

  No

265 (90.4%)

56 (86.2%)

209 (91.7%)

  Yes

28 (9.6%)

9 (13.8%)

19 (8.3%)

 Presence of hypertension

.027*

0.13

  No

24 (8.2%)

1 (1.5%)

23 (10.1%)

  Yes

269 (91.8%)

64 (98.5%)

205 (89.9%)

 Presence of diabetes

.040*

0.12

  No

154 (52.7%)

27 (41.5%)

127 (55.9%)

  Yes

138 (47.3%)

38 (58.5%)

100 (44.1%)

 CCI

4.96 (2.15)

5.34 (1.92)

4.85 (2.20)

.107

0.23

 Kt/V

1.47 (0.48)

1.39 (0.29)

1.49 (0.52)

.124

0.22

 Serum phosphorus

5.31 (3.44)

4.89 (1.35)

5.42 (3.82)

.274

0.16

 Serum potassium

4.74 (0.69)

4.63 (0.77)

4.77 (0.77)

.151

0.21

 IDWGr

3.85 (1.08)

3.80 (1.09)

3.86 (1.07)

.697

0.06