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Fig. 2 | BMC Nephrology

Fig. 2

From: Granulomatous interstitial nephritis with CTLA-4 haploinsufficiency: a case report

Fig. 2

Pathological findings of renal and colon biopsy. (a-i) Light microscopy of the first renal biopsy at low power showing diffuse interstitial infiltrating of lymphocytes. (a-ii) Numerous lymphocytes with foreign body giant cells associated with non-caseating granulomas and a few eosinophils and plasma cells (yellow arrowheads). (a-iii) Granuloma formation at high power field. b Immunohistochemistry showing a more dominant infiltration of CD3+ and CD4+ T cells in the interstitial area compared to CD8+ and CD20+ T-cells. c FOXP3 staining of the first renal biopsy, wherein the proportion of FOXP3+ cells within CD4+ T cells was not as high. d Improved interstitial inflammation and diminished granuloma in the second renal biopsy compared to that in the first biopsy using light microscopy at low power (d-i), and high power (d-ii). e Dominant CD3+ and CD4+ T cell infiltration in the interstitial area in both the first and second renal biopsy, even though the stained area was decreased in the second biopsy compared with that in the first biopsy. f Colon biopsy showing CD4+ cells as the dominant lymphocytes infiltrating the intestinal mucosa in immunohistological staining, similar to the findings in the kidney

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