Use of proton pump inhibitors and macrolide antibiotics and risk of acute kidney injury: a self-controlled case series study

Table 2 Association between PPI use and incident rate ratio of AKI

	Number of episodes	Person-day	IRR (95% CI)	Adjusted IRR* (95% CI)
Stage 1 or higher AKI
Without PPIs	373	518,234	Reference	Reference
With PPIs	944	607,707	2.16 (1.91–2.43)	1.80 (1.60–2.04)
Stage 2 or higher AKI
Without PPIs	87	189,032	Reference	Reference
With PPIs	240	211,611	2.46 (1.93–3.15)	2.01 (1.57–2.58)

IRR incident rate ratio, AKI acute kidney injury, CI confidence interval, PPI proton pump inhibitor. *Adjusted for the use of potentially nephrotoxic antibiotics and baseline eGFR

ISSN: 1471-2369