Fig. 2

Renal histopathological changes after AKI in experimental groups (n = 6). Findings are reported based on Mean ± SEM (magnification × 400 for vacuolization and × 100 for other indices). ^*** P < 0.001 VS. CTL group without AKI. ^† P < 0.05 VS. CTL with AKI. ^# P < 0.05 VS. CTL with AKI. ^& P < 0.05 VS. CTL with AKI. ^&& P < 0.01 VS. ER, TR and IF with AKI. CTL: control, ER: energy restriction, TR: time restriction, IF: intermittent fasting, HF: high-fat diet, AKI: acute kidney injury