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Clinical Research

Section edited by Amir Kazory

The Clinical Research section considers both interventional and non-interventional clinical research studies, including controlled trials and case control studies. This section does not consider basic experimental research, large epidemiological studies, or case reports. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses should be directed to the ‘Epidemiology and Health Outcomes’ section, and Case reports should be directed to our dedicated ‘Case Report’ section

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  1. Content type: Research article

    Increased monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and decreased epidermal growth factor (EGF) are promising biomarkers to predict progressive decline in kidney function in non-diabetic kidney diseases. We a...

    Authors: Bancha Satirapoj, Rattanawan Dispan, Piyanuch Radinahamed and Chagriya Kitiyakara

    Citation: BMC Nephrology 2018 19:246

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  2. Content type: Research article

    Anti-glomerular basement-membrane (anti-GBM) disease (or Goodpasture disease) is characterized by severe kidney and lung involvement. Prognoses have improved with treatments that combine plasma exchange and im...

    Authors: M. Heitz, P. L. Carron, G. Clavarino, T. Jouve, N. Pinel, F. Guebre-Egziabher and L. Rostaing

    Citation: BMC Nephrology 2018 19:241

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  3. Content type: Research article

    Evidence suggests that alkaline phosphatase attenuates inflammatory response in sepsis by lipopolysaccharide detoxification and adenosine triphosphate dephosphorylation. We sought to determine changes in alkal...

    Authors: Seung Don Baek, Jae-Young Kang, Hoon Yu, Seulgi Shin, Hyang-Sook Park, Mi-Soon Kim, Eun Kyoung Lee, So Mi Kim and Jai Won Chang

    Citation: BMC Nephrology 2018 19:243

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  4. Content type: Research article

    Corticosteroids are widely used to reduce the urine protein levels of patients with immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN). However, their potential preventive effects on end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) are unclear.

    Authors: Ryoya Tsunoda, Joichi Usui, Junichi Hoshino, Takayuki Fujii, Satoshi Suzuki, Kenmei Takaichi, Yoshifumi Ubara and Kunihiro Yamagata

    Citation: BMC Nephrology 2018 19:222

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  5. Content type: Research article

    Nephrotoxicity is a major hazard complicating the use of platinum based drugs (PBD), which can hinder using higher doses protocols to maximize the therapeutic gain. Shortage of serum creatinine level as an acc...

    Authors: Mostafa Abdelsalam, Ekramy Elmorsy, Hassan Abdelwahab, Osman Algohary, Mahmoud Naguib, Ahmed Abd El Wahab, Ahmed Eldeeb, Ehab Eltoraby, Adel Abdelsalam, Alaa Sabry, Mohamed El-Metwally, Mohamed Akl, Nahla Anber, Maysaa El Sayed Zaki, Fahad Almutairi and Tamer Mansour

    Citation: BMC Nephrology 2018 19:219

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  7. Content type: Research article

    The clinical outcome varies considerably in primary membranous nephropathy (pMN). Risk factors for kidney prognosis include ageing, male gender, persistent heavy proteinuria, decreased eGFR at presentation, pe...

    Authors: Xiao-dan Zhang, Zhao Cui, Mu-fan Zhang, Jia Wang, Yi-miao Zhang, Zhen Qu, Xin Wang, Jing Huang, Fang Wang, Li-qiang Meng, Xu-yang Cheng, Su-xia Wang, Gang Liu and Ming-hui Zhao

    Citation: BMC Nephrology 2018 19:215

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  8. Content type: Research article

    With advancement of hemodialysis (HD) technique, late fistula failure (LFF) remains a problem significantly affecting life quality of patients. We attempt to identify factors affecting LFF in patients on chron...

    Authors: Cheng-Chieh Yen, Ching-Fang Tsai, Yueh-Yun Luo, Hsin-Yi Yang, Mei-Yin Liu, Peir-Haur Hung and Yueh-Han Hsu

    Citation: BMC Nephrology 2018 19:213

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  9. Content type: Research article

    Henoch-Schönlein purpura nephritis (HSPN) is a form of small vessel vasculitis associated with purpura and IgA deposition in the glomeruli. The International Study of Kidney Disease in Children (ISKDC) classif...

    Authors: Koji Inagaki, Ahmad Baseer Kaihan, Asaka Hachiya, Takaya Ozeki, Masahiko Ando, Sawako Kato, Yoshinari Yasuda and Shoichi Maruyama

    Citation: BMC Nephrology 2018 19:208

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  10. Content type: Research article

    Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is one of the risk factors for cardiovascular (CV) disease and mortality. However, the relationship between socioeconomic status (SES) and LVH in chronic kidney disease remai...

    Authors: Eunjeong Kang, Joongyub Lee, Hyo Jin Kim, Miyeun Han, Soo Wan Kim, Kyu-Beck Lee, Suah Sung, Tae-Hyun Yoo, Wookyung Chung, Curie Ahn and Kook-Hwan Oh

    Citation: BMC Nephrology 2018 19:203

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    The Correction to this article has been published in BMC Nephrology 2018 19:217

  11. Content type: Research article

    Volume overload poses a major risk in hemodialysis patients but simple detection methods are lacking. We propose a novel marker, the Interdialytic Creatinine Rise (IDCR), readily calculated as the change in se...

    Authors: Ljubomir M. Ilic, Roger B. Davis, Robert S. Brown and Stewart H. Lecker

    Citation: BMC Nephrology 2018 19:202

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  12. Content type: Research article

    Microalbuminuria signifies the onset of diabetic nephropathy, but normoalbuminuric patients with diabetes who have a low Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) are not uncommon. The purpose of the study was to estim...

    Authors: Polwatta Liyanage Gayani Chandima Liyanage, Sarath Lekamwasam, Thilak Priyantha Weerarathna and Dodanduwa Waduge Shyamal Yashodara Srikantha

    Citation: BMC Nephrology 2018 19:200

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  14. Content type: Research article

    Genitourinary tuberculosis (GUTB) is a type of extrapulmonary TB that exerts a deleterious effect on renal function by promoting renal calcification and ureteric stricture. Therefore, we investigated the risk ...

    Authors: Eun Jin Kim, Woonji Lee, Woo Yong Jeong, Hen Choi, In Young Jung, Jin Young Ahn, Su Jin Jeong, Nam Su Ku, Jun Yong Choi, Young Hwa Choi, Young Goo Song and June Myung Kim

    Citation: BMC Nephrology 2018 19:193

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  15. Content type: Research article

    Increased plasma level of lipoprotein(a) (Lpa) is a risk factor of cardiovascular diseases. This study aimed to explore the role of Lpa in the progression of atherosclerosis in patients with end-stage renal di...

    Authors: Kun Ling Ma, Tie Kai Gong, Ze Bo Hu, Yang Zhang, Gui Hua Wang, Liang Liu, Pei Pei Chen, Jian Lu, Chen Chen Lu and Bi Cheng Liu

    Citation: BMC Nephrology 2018 19:192

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  16. Content type: Research article

    Soluble urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) has emerged as a new sepsis biomarker. It is not known whether suPAR has a role in critically ill patients with severe acute kidney injury (AKI).

    Authors: Anna Hall, Siobhan Crichton, Matt Varrier, Danielle E. Bear and Marlies Ostermann

    Citation: BMC Nephrology 2018 19:191

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  17. Content type: Research article

    Investigations on the role of the time-mean serum uric acid (SUA) value in determining the risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD) are limited. We investigated whether the time-mean SUA value indicates the risk o...

    Authors: Meiyu Ye, Kang Hu, Juan Jin, Diandian Wu, Peiying Hu and Qiang He

    Citation: BMC Nephrology 2018 19:190

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  18. Content type: Research article

    Ongoing efforts are focused on shortening ischemia intervals as much as possible during partial nephrectomy to preserve renal function. Off-clamp partial nephrectomy (off-PN) has been a common strategy for to ...

    Authors: Wen Deng, Xiaoqiang Liu, Jieping Hu, Luyao Chen and Bin Fu

    Citation: BMC Nephrology 2018 19:188

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  19. Content type: Research article

    Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) was introduced to predict poor prognosis in various diseases, but not all variants of ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV). In this study, we aimed to investigate whether NLR a...

    Authors: Sung Soo Ahn, Seung Min Jung, Jason Jungsik Song, Yong-Beom Park and Sang-Won Lee

    Citation: BMC Nephrology 2018 19:187

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  20. Content type: Research article

    Idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN) is one of the most common adult nephrotic syndromes. Some patients with this disorder require immunosuppressive therapy. This retrospective case series was performed to ...

    Authors: Shun-Lai Shang, Guang-Yan Cai, Shu-wei Duan, Ping Li, Qing-Gang Li and Xiang-Mei Chen

    Citation: BMC Nephrology 2018 19:182

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  21. Content type: Research article

    Renal impairment (RI) is common in multiple myeloma (MM) and is associated with poor survival. This study reports the associations between renal function and disease characteristics including serum free light ...

    Authors: Punit Yadav, Paul Cockwell, Mark Cook, Jennifer Pinney, Hannah Giles, Yu Sandar Aung, David Cairns, Roger G. Owen, Faith E. Davies, Graham H. Jackson, J. Anthony Child, Gareth J. Morgan and Mark T. Drayson

    Citation: BMC Nephrology 2018 19:178

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  22. Content type: Research article

    Echocardiographic characteristics across the spectrum of chronic kidney disease (CKD) have not been well described. We assessed the echocardiographic characteristics of patients with preserved renal function a...

    Authors: Thomas A. Mavrakanas, Aisha Khattak, Karandeep Singh and David M. Charytan

    Citation: BMC Nephrology 2018 19:176

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  23. Content type: Research article

    The management of proliferative lupus nephritis (LN) comprises timely and coordinated immunosuppressive therapy. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the effectiveness and safety profile of low dose mycoph...

    Authors: Arun Sedhain, Rajani Hada, Rajendra K. Agrawal, Gandhi R. Bhattarai and Anil Baral

    Citation: BMC Nephrology 2018 19:175

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  24. Content type: Research article

    Current guidelines regarding plasma-sampling techniques for glomerular filtration rate (GFR) determination are inconsistent. Single-sample methods are commonly believed not to be precise enough to meet clinica...

    Authors: Yong Zhang, Zhun Sui, Ze Yu, Tai Feng Li, Wan Yu Feng and Li Zuo

    Citation: BMC Nephrology 2018 19:174

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  25. Content type: Research article

    Chronic kidney disease (CKD) poses a substantial health burden in sub-Saharan Africa, with risk factors ranging from communicable to non-communicable diseases. Hyperuricemia has been recently identified as a f...

    Authors: Marie Doualla, Marie Patrice Halle, Jude Moutchia, Steve Tegang and Gloria Ashuntantang

    Citation: BMC Nephrology 2018 19:169

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  26. Content type: Research article

    Organ donation after brain death (DBD) is the standard strategy for organ transplantation; however, the concept of brain death is not universally accepted due to cultural beliefs and barriers amongst billions ...

    Authors: Qipeng Sun, Honglan Zhou, Ronghua Cao, Minzhuan Lin, Xuefeng Hua, Liangqing Hong, Zhengyu Huang, Ning Na, Ruiming Cai, Gang Wang, Fanhang Meng and Qiquan Sun

    Citation: BMC Nephrology 2018 19:164

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  27. Content type: Research article

    Acute kidney injury (AKI) following cardiac surgery is a frequent complication and several risk factors increasing its incidence have already been characterized. This study evaluates the influence of preoperat...

    Authors: T. Kaufeld, K. A. Foerster, T. Schilling, J. T. Kielstein, J. Kaufeld, M. Shrestha, H. G. Haller, A. Haverich and B. M. W. Schmidt

    Citation: BMC Nephrology 2018 19:161

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  28. Content type: Research article

    The Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) guidelines assign the same stage of AKI to patients whether they fulfil urine output criteria, serum creatinine criteria or both ...

    Authors: Samuel H. Howitt, Stuart W. Grant, Camila Caiado, Eric Carlson, Dowan Kwon, Ioannis Dimarakis, Ignacio Malagon and Charles McCollum

    Citation: BMC Nephrology 2018 19:149

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  29. Content type: Research article

    There are no guidelines for transitioning patients from chronic kidney disease stage 5 to hemodialysis. We conducted this study to determine if there are uniform patterns in how nephrologists transition patien...

    Authors: Mary C. Mallappallil, Steven Fishbane, Rimda Wanchoo, Edgar Lerma, Andrea Roche-Recinos and Moro Salifu

    Citation: BMC Nephrology 2018 19:147

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  30. Content type: Research article

    Severe infections are common complications of immunosuppressive treatment for antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) with renal involvement. We investigated the clinical charact...

    Authors: Liu Yang, Honglang Xie, Zhengzhao Liu, Yinghua Chen, Jinquan Wang, Haitao Zhang, Yongchun Ge and Weixin Hu

    Citation: BMC Nephrology 2018 19:138

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  31. Content type: Research article

    Female sex has been included as a risk factor in models developed to predict the risk of acute kidney injury (AKI) associated with cardiac surgery, aminoglycoside nephrotoxicity and contrast-induced nephropath...

    Authors: Joel Neugarten, Ladan Golestaneh and Nitin V. Kolhe

    Citation: BMC Nephrology 2018 19:131

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  32. Content type: Research article

    Both peritoneal small solute transport and peritoneal protein clearance are closely linked to outcomes in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. However, the associated factors of these two components are not full...

    Authors: Yuanyuan Shi, Hao Yan, Jiangzi Yuan, He Zhang, Jiaying Huang, Zhaohui Ni, Jiaqi Qian and Wei Fang

    Citation: BMC Nephrology 2018 19:119

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  33. Content type: Research article

    The calcimimetic agent cinacalcet is effective for the management of secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) in dialysis patients. Changes to reimbursement of cinacalcet in Australia provided an opportunity to as...

    Authors: Irene Ruderman, Edward R. Smith, Nigel D. Toussaint, Tim D. Hewitson and Stephen G. Holt

    Citation: BMC Nephrology 2018 19:113

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  34. Content type: Research article

    This study aimed to evaluate the longitudinal changes in cardiac structure and function in incident-automated peritoneal dialysis (APD) patients.

    Authors: Jin-Bor Chen, Ben-Chung Cheng, Wen-Hao Liu, Shang-Chih Liao, Mao-Young Morgan Fu, Sin-Hua Moi and Cheng-Hong Yang

    Citation: BMC Nephrology 2018 19:109

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  35. Content type: Research article

    African Americans have persistently poor access to living donor kidney transplants (LDKT). We conducted a small randomized trial to provide preliminary evidence of the effect of informational decision support ...

    Authors: L. Ebony Boulware, Patti L. Ephraim, Jessica Ameling, LaPricia Lewis-Boyer, Hamid Rabb, Raquel C. Greer, Deidra C. Crews, Bernard G. Jaar, Priscilla Auguste, Tanjala S. Purnell, Julio A. Lamprea-Monteleagre, Tope Olufade, Luis Gimenez, Courtney Cook, Tiffany Campbell, Ashley Woodall…

    Citation: BMC Nephrology 2018 19:107

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  36. Content type: Research article

    Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common post-cardiac surgery complication and influences patient morbidity and prognosis. This study was designed to identify preoperative candidate urine biomarkers in patients u...

    Authors: Michael L. Merchant, Michael E. Brier, Mark S. Slaughter, Jon B. Klein and Kenneth R. McLeish

    Citation: BMC Nephrology 2018 19:102

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  37. Content type: Research article

    We hypothesized that the use of actual body weight might lead to more frequent misdiagnosis of acute kidney injury (AKI) than when ideal body weight is used in underweight and/or obese patients. We examined wh...

    Authors: Shinshu Katayama, Kansuke Koyama, Yuya Goto, Toshitaka Koinuma, Ken Tonai, Jun Shima, Masahiko Wada and Shin Nunomiya

    Citation: BMC Nephrology 2018 19:101

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  38. Content type: Research article

    The transition from pre-dialysis chronic kidney disease (CKD) to renal replacement therapy (RRT) is a stressful event. Anxiety, depression and stress are frequent conditions in this population, and might play ...

    Authors: Cicero Italo L. Bezerra, Bruno C. Silva and Rosilene M. Elias

    Citation: BMC Nephrology 2018 19:98

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  39. Content type: Research article

    Increasing evidence has shown that albuminuria is related to serum uric acid. Little is known about whether this association may be interrelated via renal handling of uric acid. Therefore, we aim to study urin...

    Authors: Fengqin Li, Hui Guo, Jianan Zou, Weijun Chen, Yijun Lu, Xiaoli Zhang, Chensheng Fu, Jing Xiao and Zhibin Ye

    Citation: BMC Nephrology 2018 19:95

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  40. Content type: Research article

    Acute kidney injury (AKI), as defined by peak increase in serum creatinine, is independently associated with increased risk of mortality and length of stay. Studies have suggested that the duration of AKI may ...

    Authors: Swati Mehta, Kinsuk Chauhan, Achint Patel, Shanti Patel, Rachel Pinotti, Girish N. Nadkarni, Chirag R. Parikh and Steven G. Coca

    Citation: BMC Nephrology 2018 19:91

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  41. Content type: Research article

    Beta Trace Protein (BTP) is a promising marker of glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Equations to estimate GFR using BTP have been proposed. Very little is known about BTP’s production and metabolism. It has be...

    Authors: Debarati Chakraborty, Ayub Akbari, Greg A. Knoll, Jennifer A. Flemming, Catherine Lowe, Shareef Akbari and Christine A. White

    Citation: BMC Nephrology 2018 19:87

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  42. Content type: Research article

    The high cost, complexity of the available protocols, and metabolic complications are the major barriers that impede the clinical utilization of regional citrate anticoagulation (RCA) for sustained low efficie...

    Authors: Ming Wen, Claudius Küchle, Dominik Steubl, Robin Satanovskji, Uwe Heemann, Yana Suttmann, Susanne Angermann, Stephan Kemmner, Lisa Rehbehn, Monika Huber, Christine Hauser, Christoph Schmaderer, Anna-Lena Reichelt, Bernhard Haller and Lutz Renders

    Citation: BMC Nephrology 2018 19:79

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  43. Content type: Study protocol

    Aortic stenosis (AS) is common in patients on dialysis as well as in the general population. AS leads to difficulty with dialysis therapy because of unstable conditions such as intradialytic hypotension due to...

    Authors: Daijo Inaguma, Yuji Sasakawa, Noriko Suzuki, Eri Ito, Kazuo Takahashi, Hiroki Hayashi, Shigehisa Koide, Midori Hasegawa and Yukio Yuzawa

    Citation: BMC Nephrology 2018 19:80

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  45. Content type: Research article

    Proteinuria is well recognised as a marker of chronic kidney disease (CKD), as a risk factor for progression of CKD among those with known CKD, and as a risk factor for cardiovascular events and death among bo...

    Authors: Tracey Ying, Philip Clayton, Chetana Naresh and Steven Chadban

    Citation: BMC Nephrology 2018 19:55

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  46. Content type: Research article

    C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) is a member of the natriuretic peptide family and have been implicated to be involved in maintaining vascular homeostasis and acting as a cardiac chronotropic agent in experime...

    Authors: Lulu Wang, Wenjin Liu, Yanting Yu, Lei Jiang and Junwei Yang

    Citation: BMC Nephrology 2018 19:50

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  47. Content type: Study protocol

    Rural areas in the state of New Mexico have been the “ground-zero” for the epidemic of diabetic Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) in the United States. However, there is limited research about risk factors of diabe...

    Authors: Antonin Jaros, Hafiz A. Sroya, Venita K. Wolfe, Vikas Ghai, Maria-Eleni Roumelioti, Kamran Shaffi, Kai Wang, Vernon Shane Pankratz, Mark L. Unruh and Christos Argyropoulos

    Citation: BMC Nephrology 2018 19:47

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  48. Content type: Research article

    Acute kidney injury (AKI) is often observed in critically ill patients and is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Non-recovery from AKI has a negative impact on the prognosis of affected patients and...

    Authors: Fabienne Aregger, Dominik E. Uehlinger, Gerhard Fusch, Aldin Bahonjic, Rene Pschowski, Michael Walter and Joerg C. Schefold

    Citation: BMC Nephrology 2018 19:44

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  49. Content type: Research article

    The risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is known to be elevated in patients with diabetes mellitus but the risk of young adults aged 18 to 40 years with impaired glucose tolerance/impaired fasting glucose (IG...

    Authors: Ferozkhan Jadhakhan, Tom Marshall, Ronan Ryan and Paramjit Gill

    Citation: BMC Nephrology 2018 19:42

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  50. Content type: Study protocol

    Surveys using traditional measures of nutritional status indicate that muscle wasting is common among persons with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). Up to 75% of adults undergoing maintenance dialysis show some...

    Authors: Joanne Reid, Helen R. Noble, Gary Adamson, Andrew Davenport, Ken Farrington, Denis Fouque, Kamyar Kalantar-Zadeh, John Mallett, C. McKeaveney, S. Porter, David S. Seres, Joanne Shields, Adrian Slee, Miles D. Witham and Alexander P. Maxwell

    Citation: BMC Nephrology 2018 19:38

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