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Clinical Research

Section edited by Amir Kazory

The Clinical Research section considers both interventional and non-interventional clinical research studies, including controlled trials and case control studies. This section does not consider basic experimental research, large epidemiological studies, or case reports. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses should be directed to the ‘Epidemiology and Health Outcomes’ section, and Case reports should be directed to our dedicated ‘Case Report’ section

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  2. Content type: Research article

    Iron deficiency is frequent in haemodialysis (HD) patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), and intravenous iron is an established therapy for these patients. This study assessed treatment routine, effective...

    Authors: Ashraf I. Mikhail, Staffan Schön, Sylvia Simon, Christopher Brown, Jörgen B. A. Hegbrant, Gert Jensen, Jason Moore and Lennart D. I. Lundberg

    Citation: BMC Nephrology 2019 20:13

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  3. Content type: Research article

    This cluster randomised controlled trial set out to investigate the feasibility and acceptability of the “Combined Diabetes and Renal Control Trial” (C-DIRECT) intervention, a nurse-led intervention based on m...

    Authors: K. Griva, M. Rajeswari, M. Nandakumar, E. Y. H. Khoo, V. Y. W. Lee, C. G. Chua, Z. S. Goh, Y. T. D. Choong and S. P. Newman

    Citation: BMC Nephrology 2019 20:2

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  4. Content type: Research article

    HIV-positive persons bear an excess burden of chronic kidney disease (CKD); however, conventional methods to assess kidney health are insensitive and non-specific for detecting early kidney injury. Urinary bio...

    Authors: Anthony N. Muiru, Michael G. Shlipak, Rebecca Scherzer, William R. Zhang, Simon B. Ascher, Vasantha Jotwani, Carl Grunfeld, Chirag R. Parikh, Derek Ng, Frank J. Palella Jr, Ken Ho, Seble Kassaye, Anjali Sharma, Mardge Cohen, Ruibin Wang, Qibin Qi…

    Citation: BMC Nephrology 2019 20:4

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  5. Content type: Research article

    The worldwide prevalence of obesity is increasing. Obesity is associated with a variety of chronic diseases, including chronic kidney disease. Several studies suggested that body mass index (BMI) could be an i...

    Authors: Changwei Wu, Amanda Y. Wang, Guisen Li and Li Wang

    Citation: BMC Nephrology 2018 19:381

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  6. Content type: Research article

    Most studies on obesity surgery have measured renal function using the estimated GFR. However, due to the reduction of muscle mass, and therefore creatinine that accompanies weight loss, such measures can fals...

    Authors: Ling L. Chuah, Alexander D. Miras, Laura M. Perry, Andrew H. Frankel, David J. Towey, Zahraa Al-Mayahi, William Svensson and Carel W. le Roux

    Citation: BMC Nephrology 2018 19:383

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  7. Content type: Research article

    Caffeine has been proposed, based on in vitro cultured cell studies, to accelerate progression of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) by increasing kidney size. Since ADPKD patients are advise...

    Authors: Katelyn A. McKenzie, Mirelle El Ters, Vicente E. Torres, Peter C. Harris, Arlene B. Chapman, Michal Mrug, Frederic F. Rahbari-Oskoui, Kyongtae Ty Bae, Douglas P. Landsittel, William M. Bennett, Alan S. L. Yu and Jonathan D. Mahnken

    Citation: BMC Nephrology 2018 19:378

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  8. Content type: Research article

    The prevalence of cognitive disorders in hemodialysis patients is twice as high as the general population, while these disorders often are undiagnosed. Timely prevention and treatment can improve their persona...

    Authors: Afshin Samaei, Monir Nobahar, Zaynab Hydarinia-Naieni, Abbas Ali Ebrahimian, Mohammad Reza Tammadon, Raheb Ghorbani and Abbas Ali Vafaei

    Citation: BMC Nephrology 2018 19:379

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  9. Content type: Research article

    To assess the time to first on-study vascular thromboembolic events (VTEs) of clopidogrel (CL) or beraprost sodium (BPS) in Chinese population with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) treated with arteriovenous fis...

    Authors: Yu Zhou, Ling Du, Bo Tu, Qiquan Lai, Xiaonan Du, Bo Xu, Fan Zhang, Mingdong Zhao, Ziming Wan and Jiajie Lai

    Citation: BMC Nephrology 2018 19:376

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  10. Content type: Research article

    The impact of contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) on patients with chronic renal disease is well-known. Remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) is a non-invasive method that can reduce the risk of CI-...

    Authors: Ali Ghaemian, Jamshid Yazdani, Soheil Azizi, Ali A. Farsavian, Maryam Nabati, Alireza Malekrah, Mozhdeh Dabirian, Fatemeh Espahbodi, Bahareh Mirjani, Hossein Mohsenipouya and Javad Heshmatian

    Citation: BMC Nephrology 2018 19:373

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  11. Content type: Research article

    Somatostatin (SST) inhibits intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) production and thus may modify cyst formation in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). We investigated whether en...

    Authors: A. Lianne Messchendorp, Edwin M. Spithoven, Niek F. Casteleijn, Wendy A. Dam, Jacob van den Born, Wouter F. Tonnis, Carlo A. J. M. Gaillard and Esther Meijer

    Citation: BMC Nephrology 2018 19:368

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  12. Content type: Research article

    The introduction of a continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) device into the extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) circuit is widely used. However, excessive pressure transmitted to the CRRT device i...

    Authors: Soo Jin Na, Hee Jung Choi, Chi Ryang Chung, Yang Hyun Cho, Hye Ryoun Jang, Gee Young Suh and Kyeongman Jeon

    Citation: BMC Nephrology 2018 19:369

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  13. Content type: Research article

    Urinary mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) fragment level has been proposed as a biomarker of chronic kidney disease (CKD). In this study, we determine the relation between urinary mtDNA level and rate of renal functio...

    Authors: Zhongping WEI, Bonnie Ching-Ha KWAN, Kai Ming CHOW, Phyllis Mei-Shan CHENG, Cathy Choi-Wan LUK, Ka-Bik LAI, Philip Kam-Tao LI and Cheuk Chun SZETO

    Citation: BMC Nephrology 2018 19:367

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  14. Content type: Research article

    Estimation of GFR (eGFR) using formulae based on serum creatinine concentrations are commonly used to assess kidney function. Physical exercise can increase creatinine turnover and lean mass; therefore, this m...

    Authors: Kassia S. Beetham, Erin J. Howden, Nicole M. Isbel and Jeff S. Coombes

    Citation: BMC Nephrology 2018 19:366

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  15. Content type: Research article

    Serum anti-phospholipase A2 receptor (PLA2R) antibody was correlated with disease activity of membranous nephropathy(MN). The predictive value of antibody titer changes on immunosuppressive response remains un...

    Authors: Chao Li, Hang Li, Yu-bing Wen, Xue-mei Li and Xue-wang Li

    Citation: BMC Nephrology 2018 19:354

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  16. Content type: Research article

    Immunosuppressive treatment will predispose an idiopathic membranous nephropathy (iMN) patient to opportunistic infections. Disease severity is one of the main concerns for making the treatment decision. Urina...

    Authors: Ziyong Tang, Yue Wang, Liyuan Tao, Yanhong Guo, Yimu Zheng and Danxia Zheng

    Citation: BMC Nephrology 2018 19:357

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  17. Content type: Research article

    Contrast enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) assessment of kidney allografts mainly focuses on graft rejection. However, studies on delayed graft function (DGF) without acute rejection are still lacking. The aim o...

    Authors: Nordeval Cavalcante Araújo and José Hermógenes Rocco Suassuna

    Citation: BMC Nephrology 2018 19:351

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  18. Content type: Study protocol

    Nephrolithiasis is a global healthcare problem with a current lifetime risk of 18.8% in men and 9.4% in women. Given the high cost of medical treatments and surgical interventions as well as the morbidity rela...

    Authors: Nasser A. Dhayat, Nicolas Faller, Olivier Bonny, Nilufar Mohebbi, Alexander Ritter, Lisa Pellegrini, Giulia Bedino, Carlo Schönholzer, Reto M. Venzin, Carina Hüsler, Irene Koneth, Rosaria Del Giorno, Luca Gabutti, Patrizia Amico, Michael Mayr, Urs Odermatt…

    Citation: BMC Nephrology 2018 19:349

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  19. Content type: Research article

    Albuminuria has been classically considered a marker of kidney damage progression in diabetic patients and it is routinely assessed to monitor kidney function. However, the role of a mild GFR reduction on the ...

    Authors: Antonio Mirijello, Francesca Viazzi, Paola Fioretto, Carlo Giorda, Antonio Ceriello, Giuspina T. Russo, Pietro Guida, Roberto Pontremoli and Salvatore De Cosmo

    Citation: BMC Nephrology 2018 19:347

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  20. Content type: Research article

    Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD), the worldwide Public Health problem, is also one of the rising non-communicable diseases in low and middle-income countries. Its early detection and treatment using readily availa...

    Authors: Tamiru Adugna, Hailu Merga and Esayas Kebede Gudina

    Citation: BMC Nephrology 2018 19:345

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  21. Content type: Research article

    Patient experience in hemodialysis (HD) is measured twice yearly in all in-center HD patients in the United States using the In-Center Hemodialysis Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (ICH ...

    Authors: Taimur Dad, Hocine Tighiouart, Eduardo Lacson Jr, Klemens B. Meyer, Daniel E. Weiner and Michelle M. Richardson

    Citation: BMC Nephrology 2018 19:340

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  23. Content type: Research article

    IgA vasculitis (IgAV, formerly Henoch-Schönlein purpura) is a type of systemic vasculitis. This study aimed to explore the clinicopathological features, treatment and renal outcomes of adult IgAV-related nephr...

    Authors: Xiao Huang, Jing Wu, Xiao-mei Wu, Ya-xin Hao, Cai-hong Zeng, Zhi-hong Liu and Zheng Tang

    Citation: BMC Nephrology 2018 19:334

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  24. Content type: Research article

    Kidney diseases have emerged as significant cause of morbidity and mortality in HIV subject on antiretroviral therapy (ART). In Ghana, routine follow up of HIV positive clients is by estimation of serum creati...

    Authors: Dorcas Obiri-Yeboah, Yaw Asante Awuku, Wonderful Alofa, Alice Charwudzi, Ebenezer Aniakwa-Bonsu, Evans Obboh and Paul Nsiah

    Citation: BMC Nephrology 2018 19:333

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  25. Content type: Research article

    Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is associated with diverse glomerular diseases. Characteristics of minimal change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS) in this setting have been little studied, and the specific feature...

    Authors: Romain ARRESTIER, Anne-Pascale SATIE, Shao-yu ZHANG, Emmanuelle PLAISIER, Corinne ISNARD-BAGNIS, Philippe GATAULT, Quentin RAIMBOURG, David BUOB, Flavia VOCILA, Anne-Elisabeth HENG, Helene FRANCOIS, Anissa MOKTEFI, Guillaume CANAUD, Marie MATIGNON, Nathalie DEJUCQ-RAINSFORD, Isabelle BROCHERIOU…

    Citation: BMC Nephrology 2018 19:331

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  26. Content type: Research article

    In a previous study we showed that troponin I (TnI) > 0.42 ng/mL predicted the need of dialysis in a group of 29 septic patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). We aimed to confirm such finding in a...

    Authors: Daniel de Almeida Thiengo, Jorge P. Strogoff-de-Matos, Jocemir Ronaldo Lugon and Miguel Luis Graciano

    Citation: BMC Nephrology 2018 19:329

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  27. Content type: Research article

    The CKD-associated decline in soluble α-Klotho (α-Klotho) levels is considered detrimental. Some studies suggest a direct induction of α-Klotho concentrations by growth hormone (GH). In the present study, the ...

    Authors: Aaltje Y. Adema, Camiel L. M. de Roij van Zuijdewijn, Joost G. Hoenderop, Martin H. de Borst, Piet M. Ter Wee, Annemieke C. Heijboer and Marc G. Vervloet

    Citation: BMC Nephrology 2018 19:327

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  28. Content type: Research article

    Different methods to prevent contrast-associated acute kidney injury (CA-AKI) have been proposed in recent years. We performed a mixed treatment comparison to evaluate and rank suggested interventions.

    Authors: Khalid Ahmed, Terri McVeigh, Raminta Cerneviciute, Sara Mohamed, Mohammad Tubassam, Mohammad Karim and Stewart Walsh

    Citation: BMC Nephrology 2018 19:323

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  29. Content type: Research article

    The risk of early death is particularly high in patients over the age of 65 presenting with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated renal vasculitis. We hypothesized that by combining disease sev...

    Authors: Dimitri Titeca-Beauport, Alexis Francois, Thierry Lobbedez, Dominique Guerrot, David Launay, Laurence Vrigneaud, Maité Daroux, Celine Lebas, Boris Bienvenu, Eric Hachulla, Momar Diouf and Gabriel Choukroun

    Citation: BMC Nephrology 2018 19:317

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  31. Content type: Research article

    Abdominal aortic calcification (AAC) has been known to be associated with cardiovascular mortality in hemodialysis. However, the association between AAC and future coronary artery disease (CAD) occurrence is n...

    Authors: Hung-Chih Chen, Wei-Ting Wang, Chieh-Ning Hsi, Che-Yi Chou, Hsuan-Jen Lin, Chiu-Ching Huang and Chiz-Tzung Chang

    Citation: BMC Nephrology 2018 19:313

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  32. Content type: Research article

    Fructose intake, mainly as table sugar or high fructose corn syrup, has increased in recent decades and is associated with increased risk for kidney stones. We hypothesized that fructose intake alters serum an...

    Authors: Richard J. Johnson, Santos E. Perez-Pozo, Julian Lopez Lillo, Felix Grases, Jesse D. Schold, Masanari Kuwabara, Yuka Sato, Ana Andres Hernando, Gabriela Garcia, Thomas Jensen, Christopher Rivard, Laura G. Sanchez-Lozada, Carlos Roncal and Miguel A. Lanaspa

    Citation: BMC Nephrology 2018 19:315

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  33. Content type: Research article

    Iodinated contrast media may contribute to acute kidney injury. However, several recent works suggest that this toxicity is minimal in the clinical setting. Recently, urinary G1 cell-cycle arrest proteins tissue ...

    Authors: Emmanuelle Rouve, Karim Lakhal, Charlotte Salmon Gandonnière, Youenn Jouan, Laetitia Bodet-Contentin and Stephan Ehrmann

    Citation: BMC Nephrology 2018 19:308

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  34. Content type: Research article

    Knowledge on cross-talk between the heart and kidney has been established by basic and clinical research. Nevertheless, the effects of systolic and diastolic heart dysfunctions on the development of acute kidn...

    Authors: Jae Shin Choi, Seon Ha Baek, Ho Jun Chin, Ki Young Na, Dong-Wan Chae, Yon Su Kim, Sejoong Kim and Seung Seok Han

    Citation: BMC Nephrology 2018 19:292

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  35. Content type: Research article

    Laparoscopic abdominal surgery has been widely used to reduce the length of hospital stay and complications from open abdominal surgery. During the operation, the creation of pneumoperitoneum is used for bette...

    Authors: Nattachai Srisawat, Manasnun Kongwibulwut, Passisd Laoveeravat, Nuttha Lumplertgul, Pornlert Chatkaew, Pipat Saeyub, Krittayot Latthaprecha, Sadudee Peerapornratana, Khajohn Tiranathanagul, Somchai Eiam-Ong and Kriang Tungsanga

    Citation: BMC Nephrology 2018 19:289

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  36. Content type: Research article

    Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) accounts for 8–10% of end-stage chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients worldwide. In the last decade, the advanced knowledge in genetics and molecular pathob...

    Authors: Antonio Pisani, Eleonora Riccio, Dario Bruzzese and Massimo Sabbatini

    Citation: BMC Nephrology 2018 19:282

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  37. Content type: Research article

    To achieve optimal health outcomes, people with chronic kidney disease must make changes in their everyday lives to self-manage their condition. This can be challenging, and there is a need for self-management...

    Authors: Kathryn Havas, Clint Douglas and Ann Bonner

    Citation: BMC Nephrology 2018 19:279

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  38. Content type: Research article

    Previous research suggests that novel biomarkers may be used to identify patients at increased risk of acute kidney injury following cardiac surgery. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship ...

    Authors: Moritz Wyler von Ballmoos, Donald S. Likosky, Michael Rezaee, Kevin Lobdell, Shama Alam, Devin Parker, Sherry Owens, Heather Thiessen-Philbrook, Todd MacKenzie and Jeremiah R. Brown

    Citation: BMC Nephrology 2018 19:280

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  39. Content type: Research article

    We investigated the impact of a transvenous cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) placement on outcomes and arteriovenous vascular access (VA) patency among chronic hemodialysis patients.

    Authors: Seonjeong Jeong, Gi Byoung Nam, Jai Won Chang, Min-Ju Kim, Youngjin Han, Tae-Won Kwon and Yong-Pil Cho

    Citation: BMC Nephrology 2018 19:281

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  40. Content type: Research article

    Cyst infection is a common and serious complication of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) that is often refractory. Carbapenems are frequently needed to treat to patients with refractory cyst...

    Authors: Satoshi Hamanoue, Tatsuya Suwabe, Yoshifumi Ubara, Koichi Kikuchi, Ryo Hazue, Koki Mise, Toshiharu Ueno, Kenmei Takaichi, Kana Matsumoto and Kunihiko Morita

    Citation: BMC Nephrology 2018 19:272

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  41. Content type: Research article

    The clinical course of Viridans streptococci (VS) peritonitis in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis (PD) is rarely reported. This study examined the association of clinical factors with VS peritonitis.

    Authors: Ying Liu, Ben-Chung Cheng, Jien-Wei Liu, Chiao-Jung Chen, Li-Chueh Kuo, Wen Xiu Chang and Jin-Bor Chen

    Citation: BMC Nephrology 2018 19:271

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  42. Content type: Research article

    Poor nutritional status of patients with renal disease has been associated with worsening of renal function and poor health outcomes. Simply measuring weight and height for calculation of the body mass index d...

    Authors: Jutta Dierkes, Helene Dahl, Natasha Lervaag Welland, Kristina Sandnes, Kristin Sæle, Ingegjerd Sekse and Hans-Peter Marti

    Citation: BMC Nephrology 2018 19:259

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    The Correction to this article has been published in BMC Nephrology 2018 19:375

  43. Content type: Study protocol

    Decline of renal function is common in older persons and the prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is rising with ageing. CKD affects different outcomes relevant to older persons, additionally to morbidit...

    Authors: Andrea Corsonello, Lisanne Tap, Regina Roller-Wirnsberger, Gerhard Wirnsberger, Carmine Zoccali, Tomasz Kostka, Agnieszka Guligowska, Francesco Mattace-Raso, Pedro Gil, Lara Guardado Fuentes, Itshak Meltzer, Ilan Yehoshua, Francesc Formiga-Perez, Rafael Moreno-González, Christian Weingart, Ellen Freiberger…

    Citation: BMC Nephrology 2018 19:260

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  44. Content type: Research article

    Vitamin D deficiency is common in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), and is associated with endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular disease. We performed a meta-analysis to assess the effect of vit...

    Authors: Kristina Lundwall, Stefan H. Jacobson, Gun Jörneskog and Jonas Spaak

    Citation: BMC Nephrology 2018 19:247

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  45. Content type: Research article

    Increased monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and decreased epidermal growth factor (EGF) are promising biomarkers to predict progressive decline in kidney function in non-diabetic kidney diseases. We a...

    Authors: Bancha Satirapoj, Rattanawan Dispan, Piyanuch Radinahamed and Chagriya Kitiyakara

    Citation: BMC Nephrology 2018 19:246

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  46. Content type: Research article

    Anti-glomerular basement-membrane (anti-GBM) disease (or Goodpasture disease) is characterized by severe kidney and lung involvement. Prognoses have improved with treatments that combine plasma exchange and im...

    Authors: M. Heitz, P. L. Carron, G. Clavarino, T. Jouve, N. Pinel, F. Guebre-Egziabher and L. Rostaing

    Citation: BMC Nephrology 2018 19:241

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  47. Content type: Research article

    Evidence suggests that alkaline phosphatase attenuates inflammatory response in sepsis by lipopolysaccharide detoxification and adenosine triphosphate dephosphorylation. We sought to determine changes in alkal...

    Authors: Seung Don Baek, Jae-Young Kang, Hoon Yu, Seulgi Shin, Hyang-Sook Park, Mi-Soon Kim, Eun Kyoung Lee, So Mi Kim and Jai Won Chang

    Citation: BMC Nephrology 2018 19:243

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  48. Content type: Research article

    Corticosteroids are widely used to reduce the urine protein levels of patients with immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN). However, their potential preventive effects on end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) are unclear.

    Authors: Ryoya Tsunoda, Joichi Usui, Junichi Hoshino, Takayuki Fujii, Satoshi Suzuki, Kenmei Takaichi, Yoshifumi Ubara and Kunihiro Yamagata

    Citation: BMC Nephrology 2018 19:222

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  49. Content type: Research article

    Nephrotoxicity is a major hazard complicating the use of platinum based drugs (PBD), which can hinder using higher doses protocols to maximize the therapeutic gain. Shortage of serum creatinine level as an acc...

    Authors: Mostafa Abdelsalam, Ekramy Elmorsy, Hassan Abdelwahab, Osman Algohary, Mahmoud Naguib, Ahmed Abd El Wahab, Ahmed Eldeeb, Ehab Eltoraby, Adel Abdelsalam, Alaa Sabry, Mohamed El-Metwally, Mohamed Akl, Nahla Anber, Maysaa El Sayed Zaki, Fahad Almutairi and Tamer Mansour

    Citation: BMC Nephrology 2018 19:219

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