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Epidemiology and Health Outcomes

Section edited by Bernard Jaar and Deputy Section Editor Laura Plantinga

The Epidemiology and Health Outcomes section considers manuscripts describing epidemiological studies relating to the field of nephrology. The section also considers systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Both qualitative and quantitative studies discussing health outcomes research and outcome measures are also considered by this section. Research related to clinical practice guidelines should be directed to the dedicated Guidelines and Policy section.

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  1. Limited evidence has indicated that addition of a steroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist (MRA) to the standard of care reduces proteinuria in patients with diabetic kidney disease (DKD); however, ther...

    Authors: Michael Blankenburg, Csaba P. Kovesdy, Anne-Kathrin Fett, Raymond G. Griner and Alain Gay

    Citation: BMC Nephrology 2020 21:61

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  3. The use of peritoneal dialysis (PD) has increased substantially in the United States (US) in the past decade. This was likely spurred in large part by the implementation of the expanded prospective payment sys...

    Authors: Keiko I. Greenberg and Bernard G. Jaar

    Citation: BMC Nephrology 2020 21:39

    Content type: Commentary

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  4. Tissue derived biomarkers may offer utility as indicators of accumulated damage. Reduced thickness of retinal neuronal tissue and the vascular choroid have previously been associated with vascular damage and d...

    Authors: Euan N. Paterson, Meera L. Ravindran, Kayleigh Griffiths, Claire A. Le Velly, Chris C. Cardwell, Rachel V. McCarter, Patrick Nicol, Jay K. Chhablani, Mohammed Abdul Rasheed, Kiran Kumar Vupparaboina, Thomas J. MacGillivray, Mark Harbinson, Alexander P. Maxwell, Ruth E. Hogg and Gareth J. McKay

    Citation: BMC Nephrology 2020 21:37

    Content type: Research article

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  5. Hypothyroidism is highly prevalent in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and has been associated with poorer clinical outcomes, including faster decline of kidney function. However, there is no consens...

    Authors: Alexandre Barbosa Câmara de Souza, Marcia Fernanda Arantes, Roberto Zatz, Rosilene Motta Elias, Roberto Iglesias Lopes and Etienne Macedo

    Citation: BMC Nephrology 2020 21:36

    Content type: Research article

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  6. To assess whether the agreement between fasting glucose and glycated proteins is affected by chronic kidney disease (CKD) in a community-based sample of 1621 mixed-ancestry South Africans.

    Authors: Cindy George, Tandi E. Matsha, Marizna Korf, Annalise E. Zemlin, Rajiv T. Erasmus and Andre P. Kengne

    Citation: BMC Nephrology 2020 21:32

    Content type: Research article

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  7. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is a valid indicator of kidney function. Different factors can affect GFR. The purpose of this study is to assess the direct and indirect effects of GFR-related factors using s...

    Authors: Parastoo Jamshidi, Farid Najafi, Shayan Mostafaei, Ebrahem Shakiba, Yahya Pasdar, Behrooz Hamzeh and Mehdi Moradinazar

    Citation: BMC Nephrology 2020 21:30

    Content type: Research article

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  8. Despite the high and rising burden of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in South Asia, factors that influence access to CKD care at the community level have not been studied previously, especially in the rural area...

    Authors: Tazeen Hasan Jafar, Chandrika Ramakrishnan, Oommen John, Abha Tewari, Benjamin Cobb, Helena Legido-Quigley, Yoon Sungwon and Vivekanand Jha

    Citation: BMC Nephrology 2020 21:26

    Content type: Research article

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  9. Record linkage is increasingly used in health research worldwide. Combining the patient information available in healthcare, administrative and clinical databases broadens the research perspectives, particular...

    Authors: Maxime Raffray, Sahar Bayat, Mathilde Lassalle and Cécile Couchoud

    Citation: BMC Nephrology 2020 21:25

    Content type: Technical advance

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  10. Estimating CKD prevalence is difficult. Information on CKD prevalence is rather scanty in Italy and available figures come from surveys in selected geographical areas. Administrative data have been already dem...

    Authors: Claudia Marino, Pietro Manuel Ferraro, Matteo Bargagli, Silvia Cascini, Nera Agabiti, Giovanni Gambaro and Marina Davoli

    Citation: BMC Nephrology 2020 21:23

    Content type: Research article

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  11. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a substantial cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide with disproportionate effects in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). The optimal methods to estimate glomerular filtration rate (G...

    Authors: Robert Kalyesubula, June Fabian, Wisdom Nakanga, Robert Newton, Billy Ssebunnya, Josephine Prynn, Jaya George, Alisha N. Wade, Janet Seeley, Dorothea Nitsch, Christian Hansen, Moffat Nyirenda, Liam Smeeth, Saraladevi Naicker, Amelia C. Crampin and Laurie A. Tomlinson

    Citation: BMC Nephrology 2020 21:20

    Content type: Study protocol

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  12. End stage kidney disease and hemodialysis dependence are associated with impairments in health-related quality of life (HRQOL), which may be related to vascular access (VA). Few HRQOL measures are VA-specific ...

    Authors: Robert J. Nordyke, Gina Nicholson, Shawn M. Gage, Ted Lithgow, Jonathan Himmelfarb, Matthew B. Rivara, Ron D. Hays, Karen Woo and John Devin Peipert

    Citation: BMC Nephrology 2020 21:16

    Content type: Research article

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  13. Due to these changes in kidney function, aging kidneys are more prone to drug-induced impairments in renal properties. Diabetes has been associated with the declined kidney function and an elevated risk of ren...

    Authors: Marjo Heinjoki, Merja Karjalainen, Juha Saltevo, Miia Tiihonen, Maija Haanpää, Hannu Kautiainen and Pekka Mäntyselkä

    Citation: BMC Nephrology 2020 21:11

    Content type: Research article

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  14. Dialysis patients who miss treatments are twice as likely to visit emergency departments (EDs) compared to adherent patients; however, prospective studies assessing ED use after missed treatments are limited. ...

    Authors: Kamna S. Balhara, Lori Fisher, Naya El Hage, Rosemarie G. Ramos and Bernard G. Jaar

    Citation: BMC Nephrology 2020 21:4

    Content type: Research article

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  15. Mortality rates associated with acute kidney injury (AKI) vary among critically ill patients. Outcomes are often not corrected for severity or duration of AKI. Our objective was to analyse whether a new variab...

    Authors: Renske Wiersema, Ruben J. Eck, Mikko Haapio, Jacqueline Koeze, Meri Poukkanen, Frederik Keus, Iwan C. C. van der Horst, Ville Pettilä and Suvi T. Vaara

    Citation: BMC Nephrology 2019 21:1

    Content type: Research article

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  16. The risk of acute kidney injury (AKI) attributable to renin angiotensin aldosterone (RAAS) inhibitors and diuretics remains unclear.

    Authors: Jemima Scott, Tim Jones, Maria Theresa Redaniel, Margaret T. May, Yoav Ben-Shlomo and Fergus Caskey

    Citation: BMC Nephrology 2019 20:481

    Content type: Research article

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  17. Administering anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) by intraocular injection has been shown to have a safe systemic profile. Nevertheless, incidents of acute kidney injury following anti-VEGF inj...

    Authors: Rachael Ann O’Neill, Patrick Gallagher, Tricia Douglas, Julie-Anne Little, Alexander Peter Maxwell, Giuliana Silvestri and Gareth McKay

    Citation: BMC Nephrology 2019 20:478

    Content type: Research article

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  18. Female sex has been reported as an independent predictor of severe post-liver transplantation (LT) chronic kidney disease. We performed a by sex post-hoc analysis of the SURF study, that investigated the preva...

    Authors: Delia Colombo, Alessandro Zullo, Lucia Simoni and Emanuela Zagni

    Citation: BMC Nephrology 2019 20:475

    Content type: Research article

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  19. A recent study has reported that incidence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is higher in evacuees, but the molecular mechanism still remains unclear. One plausible hypothesis is a change in vascular function fo...

    Authors: Ryosuke Fujii, Hiroya Yamada, Mirai Yamazaki, Eiji Munetsuna, Yoshitaka Ando, Koji Ohashi, Hiroaki Ishikawa, Haruki Shimoda, Kiyomi Sakata, Akira Ogawa, Seiichiro Kobayashi and Koji Suzuki

    Citation: BMC Nephrology 2019 20:474

    Content type: Research article

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  20. Acute kidney injury (AKI) commonly occurs in intensive care units (ICUs), leading to adverse clinical outcomes and increasing costs. However, there are limited epidemiological data of AKI in the critically ill...

    Authors: Li Jiang, Yibing Zhu, Xuying Luo, Ying Wen, Bin Du, Meiping Wang, Zhen Zhao, Yanyan Yin, Bo Zhu and Xiuming Xi

    Citation: BMC Nephrology 2019 20:468

    Content type: Research article

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  22. Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a well-known male-predominant inflammatory disease. This study aimed to assess the gender disparity in chronic kidney disease (CKD) in AS patients in China.

    Authors: Wenling Ye, Jing Zhuang, Yang Yu, Hang Li, Xiaomei Leng, Jun Qian, Yan Qin, Limeng Chen and Xue-mei Li

    Citation: BMC Nephrology 2019 20:457

    Content type: Research article

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  23. Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are at high risk of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). The Kidney Failure Risk Equation (KFRE), which predicts ESKD risk among patients with CKD, has not been validated...

    Authors: Yeli Wang, Francis Ngoc Hoang Long Nguyen, John C. Allen, Jasmine Quan Lan Lew, Ngiap Chuan Tan and Tazeen H. Jafar

    Citation: BMC Nephrology 2019 20:451

    Content type: Research article

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  24. In their correspondence, Hays et al. raise two main critiques of our recently published article entitled “Use of the KDQOL-36™ for assessment of health-related quality of life among dialysis patients in the Un...

    Authors: Dena E. Cohen, Andrew Lee, Scott Sibbel, Deborah Benner, Steven M. Brunelli and Francesca Tentori

    Citation: BMC Nephrology 2019 20:448

    Content type: Correspondence

    Published on:

    The original article was published in BMC Nephrology 2019 20:447

  25. A recent article in the journal reported analyses of KDQOL-36™ survey data collected from 240,343 adults (330,412 surveys) dialyzed at a large dialysis organization in the United States during 2014–2016. The a...

    Authors: Ron D. Hays, John D. Peipert and Joel D. Kallich

    Citation: BMC Nephrology 2019 20:447

    Content type: Correspondence

    Published on:

    The original article was published in BMC Nephrology 2019 20:112

    The Correspondence to this article has been published in BMC Nephrology 2019 20:448

  26. Research suggests that patients with end stage renal disease undergoing hemodialysis have a higher rate of depression and dietary non adherence leading to hospitalization and mortality. The purpose of this rev...

    Authors: Mignote Hailu Gebrie and Jodi Ford

    Citation: BMC Nephrology 2019 20:429

    Content type: Research article

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  27. Acute kidney injury (AKI) is still characterized by a high mortality rate. While most patients with AKI are admitted in conventional medical units, current available data are still obtained from studies design...

    Authors: Jamal Bamoulid, Hélène Philippot, Amir Kazory, Maria Yannaraki, Thomas Crepin, Bérengère Vivet, Nadège Devillard, Caroline Roubiou, Catherine Bresson-Vautrin, Jean-Marc Chalopin, Cécile Courivaud and Didier Ducloux

    Citation: BMC Nephrology 2019 20:419

    Content type: Research article

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  28. Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) is an uncommon cause of end stage kidney disease (ESKD) and the clinical outcomes of patients with MPGN who commence kidney replacement therapy have not been com...

    Authors: Gregory J. Wilson, Yeoungjee Cho, Armando Teixiera-Pinto, Nicole Isbel, Scott Campbell, Carmel Hawley and David W. Johnson

    Citation: BMC Nephrology 2019 20:417

    Content type: Research article

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  29. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global public health problem, exhibiting sharp increases in incidence, prevalence, and attributable morbidity and mortality. There is a critical need to better understand the ...

    Authors: Keith C. Norris, O. Kenrik Duru, Radica Z. Alicic, Kenn B. Daratha, Susanne B. Nicholas, Sterling M. McPherson, Douglas S. Bell, Jenny I. Shen, Cami R. Jones, Tannaz Moin, Amy D. Waterman, Joshua J. Neumiller, Roberto B. Vargas, Alex A. T. Bui, Carol M. Mangione and Katherine R. Tuttle

    Citation: BMC Nephrology 2019 20:416

    Content type: Study protocol

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  30. Kidney disease is a serious manifestation of systemic amyloidosis and a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Tuberculosis (TB) occurs up to 27 times more commonly in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infec...

    Authors: Muhammed Hassen, William Bates and Mohammed Rafique Moosa

    Citation: BMC Nephrology 2019 20:406

    Content type: Research article

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  31. Occurrence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in the setting of chronic kidney disease (CKD) can be described as a “cruel alliance”, with CVD responsible for about half of all deaths among CKD patients. Chronic k...

    Authors: S. O. Oguntola, M. O. Hassan, R. Duarte, A. Vachiat, P. Manga and S. Naicker

    Citation: BMC Nephrology 2019 20:399

    Content type: Research article

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  32. Diabetic nephropathy is a global common cause of chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease. A lot of research has been conducted in biomedical sciences, which has enhanced understanding of the pathoph...

    Authors: Eduardo De la Cruz-Cano, Cristina del C. Jiménez-González, Vicente Morales-García, Conny Pineda-Pérez, Juan G. Tejas-Juárez, Francisco J. Rendón-Gandarilla, Silvia Jiménez-Morales and José A. Díaz-Gandarilla

    Citation: BMC Nephrology 2019 20:393

    Content type: Research article

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  34. Cancer in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an added burden to their overall morbidity and mortality. Cancer can be a cause or an effect of CKD. In CKD patients, a better understanding of cancer di...

    Authors: Rajkumar Chinnadurai, Emma Flanagan, Gordon C. Jayson and Philip A. Kalra

    Citation: BMC Nephrology 2019 20:380

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  35. This study was undertaken to compare the accuracy of chronic kidney disease-epidemiology collaboration (eGFRCKD-EPI) to modification of diet in renal disease (eGFRMDRD) and the Cockcroft-Gault formulas of Creatin...

    Authors: Sandro Gelsomino, Massimo Bonacchi, Fabiana Lucà, Fabio Barili, Stefano Del Pace, Orlando Parise, Daniel M. Johnson and Michele Massimo Gulizia

    Citation: BMC Nephrology 2019 20:371

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  36. Patients receiving maintenance hemodialysis (HD) and peritoneal dialysis (PD) are frequently hospitalized. Reducing unplanned 30-day hospital readmissions is a key priority for improving the quality of health ...

    Authors: Yu Lin, Chao Yang, Hong Chu, Jingyi Wu, Ke Lin, Ying Shi, Haibo Wang, Guilan Kong and Luxia Zhang

    Citation: BMC Nephrology 2019 20:363

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  37. The diagnostic value of serum M-type phospholipase A2 receptor antibody (sPLA2R-ab) expression in patients with primary membranous nephropathy (PMN) has been established. However, the association between sPLA2...

    Authors: Yufeng Liang, Jianxin Wan, Yongping Chen and Yangbin Pan

    Citation: BMC Nephrology 2019 20:360

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  38. Evidences show that around 20% of biosimilar or originator erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) users are hyporesponsive. Controversial post-marketing data exist on the predictors of ESA hyporesponsiveness...

    Authors: Ylenia Ingrasciotta, Viviana Lacava, Ilaria Marcianò, Francesco Giorgianni, Giovanni Tripepi, Graziella D’ Arrigo, Alessandro Chinellato, Daniele Ugo Tari, Domenico Santoro and Gianluca Trifirò

    Citation: BMC Nephrology 2019 20:359

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  39. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is often under-recognized and poorly documented via diagnoses, but the extent of under-recognition is not well understood among Medicare beneficiaries. The current study used claim...

    Authors: Clarissa J. Diamantidis, Sarah L. Hale, Virginia Wang, Valerie A. Smith, Sarah Hudson Scholle and Matthew L. Maciejewski

    Citation: BMC Nephrology 2019 20:357

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  40. High blood pressure is the most significant risk factor for the development and progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Lowering blood pressure is a goal to prevent CKD progression. This study of adults w...

    Authors: Jianzhen Zhang, Helen G. Healy, Sree Krishna Venuthurupalli, Ken-Soon Tan, Zaimin Wang, Anne Cameron and Wendy E. Hoy

    Citation: BMC Nephrology 2019 20:348

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  41. Neighborhood racial mix is associated with dialysis facility performance metrics and mortality outcomes in patients on hemodialysis. We explored the association of neighborhood racial mix with emergency depart...

    Authors: Ladan Golestaneh, Atessa Farzami, Chikeluba Madu, Tanya Johns, Michal L. Melamed and Keith C. Norris

    Citation: BMC Nephrology 2019 20:343

    Content type: Research article

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  42. Approximately 4–6% of incident end stage renal disease (ESRD) patients in the U.S. recover enough kidney function to discontinue dialysis but there is considerable geographic variation. We undertook this study...

    Authors: Zijin Chen, Benjamin J. Lee, Charles E. McCulloch, Nilka Ríos Burrows, Michael Heung, Raymond K. Hsu, Meda E. Pavkov, Neil R. Powe, Rajiv Saran, Vahakn Shahinian and Chi-yuan Hsu

    Citation: BMC Nephrology 2019 20:342

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  44. Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) of uncertain origin (CKDu) has affected North Central Province (Anuradhapura and Polonnaruwa districts) of Sri Lanka. The cause is still unknown. The objective of this study was to...

    Authors: Asanga Venura Ranasinghe, Gardiye Weligamage Gamini Priyantha Kumara, Ranamuka Henayage Karunarathna, Ambepitiyawaduge Pubudu De Silva, Korale Gedara Dilini Sachintani, Jayaprakara Mudiyanselage Chathurika Nayani Gunawardena, Sembu Kuttige Champika Ruwan Kumari, Mohamed Shali Fathima Sarjana, Janaka Sri Chandraguptha and Mannikawadumesthri Vipula Chandu De Silva

    Citation: BMC Nephrology 2019 20:338

    Content type: Research article

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  45. Immunosuppressive agents have been widely used in the treatment of IgA nephropathy (IgAN), but the efficacy and safety remain controversial. The recent STOP-IgAN and TESTING studies have again focused attentio...

    Authors: Zheng Zhang, Yue Yang, Shi-min Jiang and Wen-ge Li

    Citation: BMC Nephrology 2019 20:333

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  46. A survival advantage associated with obesity has often been described in dialysis patients. The association of higher body mass index (BMI) with mortality and renal replacement therapy (RRT) in preterminal chr...

    Authors: Zaimin Wang, Jianzhen Zhang, Samuel Chan, Anne Cameron, Helen G. Healy, Sree K. Venuthurupalli, Ken-Soon Tan and Wendy E. Hoy

    Citation: BMC Nephrology 2019 20:329

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  47. Studies have reported conflicting findings on the infection risk posed by intravenous iron supplementation among hemodialysis (HD) patients. We used a novel study design to assess associations between intraven...

    Authors: Chieh-Li Yen, Yu-Sheng Lin, Yueh-An Lu, Hsin-Fu Lee, Cheng-Chia Lee, Ying-Chang Tung, George Kuo, Lung-Sheng Wu, Ya-Chung Tian and Pao-Hsien Chu

    Citation: BMC Nephrology 2019 20:327

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  48. Patients with cardiovascular disease are at an increased risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, data on incident CKD in patients with multiple vascular comorbidities are insufficient. In this study, we...

    Authors: Saif Al-Shamsi, Abderrahim Oulhaj, Dybesh Regmi and Romona D. Govender

    Citation: BMC Nephrology 2019 20:325

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  49. Patients suffering from acute kidney injury (AKI) were associated with impaired sodium and potassium homeostasis. We aimed to investigate how admission serum sodium and potassium independently and jointly modi...

    Authors: Xu-ping Gao, Chen-fei Zheng, Min-qi Liao, Hong He, Yan-hua Liu, Chun-xia Jing, Fang-fang Zeng and Qing-shan Chen

    Citation: BMC Nephrology 2019 20:311

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  50. The Southern Community Cohort Study is a prospective study of low socioeconomic status (SES) blacks and whites from the southeastern US, where the burden of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and its risk factors ...

    Authors: Fabian Bock, Thomas G. Stewart, Cassianne Robinson-Cohen, Jennifer Morse, Edmond K. Kabagambe, Kerri L. Cavanaugh, Kelly A. Birdwell, Adriana M. Hung, Khaled Abdel-Kader, Edward D. Siew, Elvis A. Akwo, William J. Blot, T. Alp Ikizler and Loren Lipworth

    Citation: BMC Nephrology 2019 20:308

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

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