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Pediatric Nephrology

The Pediatric Nephrology section considers both interventional and non-interventional clinical research studies, including controlled trials and case control studies. This section does not consider basic experimental research, large epidemiological studies, or case reports. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses should be directed to the Epidemiology and Health Outcomes section, and case reports should be directed to our dedicated Case Reports section. 

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  1. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the most common cause of mortality in pediatric chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. Left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy (LVH) is associated with LV diastolic dysfunction (LVDD)...

    Authors: Jeong Yeon Kim, Yeonhee Lee, Hee Gyung Kang, Il-Soo Ha, Hae Il Cheong, Hyun Jin Choi, Kyoung Hee Han, Seong Heon Kim, Min Hyun Cho, Jae Il Shin, Joo Hoon Lee, Young Seo Park and Heeyeon Cho

    Citation: BMC Nephrology 2020 21:533

    Content type: Research article

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  2. Approximately 30% of children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome develop a complicated course with frequent relapses or steroid dependency. Rituximab, a B cell depleting monoclonal antibody, is a safe and effe...

    Authors: Biswanath Basu, Stella Preussler, Anja Sander, T. K. S. Mahapatra and Franz Schaefer

    Citation: BMC Nephrology 2020 21:520

    Content type: Study protocol

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  3. Parents’ adaptation affects the health outcomes of children with chronic kidney diseases (CKD). Identifying factors that affect parents’ adaptation is necessary to understand their adaptation status. This stud...

    Authors: Fatemeh Khorsandi, Naser Parizad, Aram Feizi and Masumeh Hemmati MaslakPak

    Citation: BMC Nephrology 2020 21:509

    Content type: Research article

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  4. The caregivers of children on peritoneal dialysis face heavy care burdens and may have a high risk of depression. This study aimed to describe the prevalence and severity of depression and identify its related...

    Authors: Rui Zhao, Ying Gu, Xia Shen, Xianying Mai, Cheng Zhou, Yufen Zhang, Yihui Zhai, Qian Shen, Hong Xu and Qing Zhou

    Citation: BMC Nephrology 2020 21:472

    Content type: Research article

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  5. A relationship exists between birth weight (BW) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in postnatal kidney. Willing to fill a gap of knowledge in sub-Saharan Africa, we assessed the effect of BW on blood pressur...

    Authors: Francois Folefack Kaze, Seraphin Nguefack, Constantine Menkoh Asong, Jules Clement Nguedia Assob, Jobert Richie Nansseu, Mathurin Pierre Kowo, Victorine Nzana, Ginette Claude Mireille Kalla and Marie Patrice Halle

    Citation: BMC Nephrology 2020 21:464

    Content type: Research article

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  6. Peritoneal dialysis (PD) has been used occasionally in extremely-low-birth-weight (ELBW) infants with acute kidney injury (AKI). This study aimed to evaluate the clinical characteristics and outcomes of ELBW i...

    Authors: Jihyun Noh, Chae Young Kim, Euiseok Jung, Joo Hoon Lee, Young-Seo Park, Byong Sop Lee, Ellen Ai-Rhan Kim and Ki-Soo Kim

    Citation: BMC Nephrology 2020 21:437

    Content type: Research article

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  7. Acute kidney injury (AKI) is increasingly recognized as a consequential clinical complication in children with severe malaria. However, approaches to estimate baseline creatinine (bSCr) are not standardized in...

    Authors: Anthony Batte, Michelle C. Starr, Andrew L. Schwaderer, Robert O. Opoka, Ruth Namazzi, Erika S. Phelps Nishiguchi, John M. Ssenkusu, Chandy C. John and Andrea L. Conroy

    Citation: BMC Nephrology 2020 21:417

    Content type: Research article

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  8. Fungal peritonitis (FP) is an infrequent but serious complication in children undergoing peritoneal dialysis (PD). This study aimed to explore the risk factors, clinical manifestations, causative organisms, fu...

    Authors: Mohammed Alsuhaibani, Egab Aldosari, Khawla A. Rahim, Saeed Alzabli and Dayel Alshahrani

    Citation: BMC Nephrology 2020 21:400

    Content type: Research article

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  9. Acute kidney injury (AKI) remains a frequent complication in children undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and an independent risk factor of the patient’s survival and a prognostic factor ...

    Authors: Daishi Hirano, Daisuke Kakegawa, Saori Miwa, Chisato Umeda, Yoichi Takemasa, Ai Tokunaga, Yuhei Kawakami and Akira Ito

    Citation: BMC Nephrology 2020 21:373

    Content type: Research article

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  10. Congenital nephrotic syndrome (CNS) and infantile nephrotic syndrome (INS) cause substantial morbidity and mortality. In Japan, there is a lack of knowledge regarding the characteristics of CNS and INS. This s...

    Authors: Yuko Hamasaki, Riku Hamada, Masaki Muramatsu, Shinsuke Matsumoto, Kunihiko Aya, Kenji Ishikura, Tetsuji Kaneko and Kazumoto Iijima

    Citation: BMC Nephrology 2020 21:363

    Content type: Research article

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  11. Acute kidney injury (AKI) is independently related to the adverse outcome of septic shock, but it lacks effective early predictors. Renal anginal index (RAI) was used to predict subsequent severe AKI (AKIs) in...

    Authors: Linlin Huang, Ting Shi, Wei Quan, Weiming Li, Lili Zhang, Xueping Liu, Saihu Huang, Ying Li and Xiaozhong Li

    Citation: BMC Nephrology 2020 21:358

    Content type: Research article

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  12. Thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) is a histopathological entity associated with microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and end-organ ischemic damage. Although TMA is caused by various diseases, th...

    Authors: Kentaro Nishi, Mai Sato, Masao Ogura, Mika Okutsu, Kenji Ishikura and Koichi Kamei

    Citation: BMC Nephrology 2020 21:323

    Content type: Case report

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  13. Haemodiafilteration (HDF) is a promising new modality of renal replacement therapy (RRT). It is an improvement in the quality of hemodialysis (HD) and thus in the quality of patients’lives. The main obstacle t...

    Authors: Magid A. A. Ibrahim, Ihab Z. ElHakim, Dina Soliman, Muhammad A. Mubarak and Ragia M. Said

    Citation: BMC Nephrology 2020 21:306

    Content type: Research article

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  14. Alport syndrome (AS) is a kind of progressive hereditary nephritis induced by mutations of different genes that encode collagen IV. The affected individuals usually develop hematuria during childhood, accompan...

    Authors: Li Zhang, Bai-chao Sun, Bing-gang Zhao and Qing-shan Ma

    Citation: BMC Nephrology 2020 21:294

    Content type: Research article

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  15. The 2016 Oxford Classification’s MEST-C scoring system predicts outcomes in adults with IgA nephropathy (IgAN), but it lacks tremendous cohort validation in children with IgAN in China. We sought to verify whe...

    Authors: Heyan Wu, Zhengkun Xia, Chunlin Gao, Pei Zhang, Xiao Yang, Ren Wang, Meiqiu Wang and Yingchao Peng

    Citation: BMC Nephrology 2020 21:247

    Content type: Research article

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  16. Information about renal diseases in children is available from national registries of renal biopsies. Aim of the study was to compare the clinical presentation of glomerular diseases and tubulointerstitial spa...

    Authors: Adela Arapović, Katarina Vukojević, Natalija Filipović, Merica Glavina Durdov, Danica Ljubanović-Galešić, Mirna Saraga-Babić, Sandra Prgomet, Ana Simičić Majce, Anja Belavić, Dijana Borić Škaro, Dragan Ljutić and Marijan Saraga

    Citation: BMC Nephrology 2020 21:65

    Content type: Research article

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  19. Primary nephrotic syndrome (PNS) is a common glomerular disease in children. T cell dysfunction plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of PNS. Moreover, dysbiosis of gut microbiota contributes to immunologic...

    Authors: Yulin Kang, Dan Feng, Helen Ka-wai Law, Wei Qu, Ying Wu, Guang-hua Zhu and Wen-yan Huang

    Citation: BMC Nephrology 2019 20:434

    Content type: Research article

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  20. The aberrant activation of complement system is critically involved in lupus nephropathy. Recent study showed complement C3 inhibitor was effective in the treatment of lupus nephropathy. In this study, we inve...

    Authors: Yu Shi, Wen Yao, Li Sun, Guomin Li, Haimei Liu, Peipei Ding, Weiguo Hu and Hong Xu

    Citation: BMC Nephrology 2019 20:424

    Content type: Research article

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  21. Oedema, characterized by accumulation of extracellular water (ECW), is one of the major clinical manifestations in children suffering from nephrotic syndrome (NS).

    Authors: Steven Brantlov, Lars Jødal, René Frydensbjerg Andersen, Aksel Lange, Søren Rittig and Leigh C. Ward

    Citation: BMC Nephrology 2019 20:331

    Content type: Research article

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  22. Eighty percent of children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome respond well to steroid therapy, but up to 50% of patients with steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome exhibit frequently relapsing (FRNS) or steroid...

    Authors: China Nagano, Mayumi Sako, Koichi Kamei, Kenji Ishikura, Hidefumi Nakamura, Koichi Nakanishi, Takashi Omori, Kandai Nozu and Kazumoto Iijima

    Citation: BMC Nephrology 2019 20:293

    Content type: Study protocol

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  23. Majority of children with nephrotic syndrome are steroid sensitive, but treatment of difficult to treat nephrotic (frequent relapsing, steroid dependent and steroid resistant) syndrome is challenging. Low dose...

    Authors: Khemchand Netaram Moorani, Harnam Moolchand Hotchandani, Aasia Mohammad Zubair, Neelesh Chander Lohana and Nanga Ram Veerwani

    Citation: BMC Nephrology 2019 20:239

    Content type: Research article

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  24. Accurate prediction of reference ranges of renal lengths facilitates clinical decision making. Currently a single renal-length-reference chart is used for both kidneys, which is solely based on the age of the ...

    Authors: W. D. Duminda, K. G. Pathirana, M. U. J. Fernando, R. A. N. K. K. Samarasinghe, W. D. H. A. Ananda, K. S. P. Silva, C. K. Dissanayake and P. K. B. Mahesh

    Citation: BMC Nephrology 2019 20:183

    Content type: Research article

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  25. To describe the quality of life of adolescents initiating haemodialysis, to determine the factors associated with quality of life, and to assess coping strategies and their impact on quality of life.

    Authors: Stéphanie Clavé, Michel Tsimaratos, Mohamed Boucekine, Bruno Ranchin, Rémi Salomon, Olivier Dunand, Arnaud Garnier, Annie Lahoche, Marc Fila, Gwenaelle Roussey, Francoise Broux, Jérome Harambat, Sylvie Cloarec, Soraya Menouer, Georges Deschenes, Isabelle Vrillon…

    Citation: BMC Nephrology 2019 20:163

    Content type: Research article

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  26. To assess reasons for continuing practice variation in the management of childhood nephrotic syndrome despite expert reviews and guidelines, we are conducting a longitudinal cohort study in children with gluco...

    Authors: Susan M. Samuel, Allison Dart, Guido Filler, Martin Bitzan, Maury Pinsk, Cherry Mammen, Alberto Nettel-Aguirre, Maneka A. Perinpanayagam, Tomoko Takano, Rahul Chanchlani and Michael Zappitelli

    Citation: BMC Nephrology 2019 20:159

    Content type: Research article

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  27. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a devastating illness associated with increased mortality, reduced quality of life, impaired growth, neurocognitive impairment and psychosocial maladjustment in children. There ...

    Authors: Anita van Zwieten, Patrina Caldwell, Kirsten Howard, Allison Tong, Jonathan C. Craig, Stephen Alexander, Martin Howell, Teixeira-Pinto Armando, Carmel Hawley, Shilpa Jesudason, Amanda Walker, Fiona Mackie, Sean Kennedy, Steve McTaggart, Hugh McCarthy, Simon Carter…

    Citation: BMC Nephrology 2019 20:134

    Content type: Study protocol

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  28. It is evident that renal dysfunction (RD) is associated with unique infectious and non-infectious causes in African children. However, little data exists about the prevalence and factors associated with RD in ...

    Authors: Neema Chami, Rogatus Kabyemera, Tulla Masoza, Emmanuela Ambrose, Franscisca Kimaro, Neema Kayange, Adolfine Hokororo, Francis F. Furia and Rob Peck

    Citation: BMC Nephrology 2019 20:79

    Content type: Research article

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  29. Annual influenza vaccination is recommended for all children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS) in France. Consequently, the Social Security automatically sends prescriptions to all patients suffering fr...

    Authors: Roman Klifa, Julie Toubiana, Alizée Michel, Nathalie Biebuyck, Marina Charbit, Laurence Heidet, Saoussen Krid, Pauline Krug, Rémi Salomon and Olivia Boyer

    Citation: BMC Nephrology 2019 20:65

    Content type: Research article

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  30. Nephrotic syndrome (NS) is one of the most frequent occurring chronic kidney diseases in childhood, despite its rarely occurrence in the general population. Detailed information about clinical data of NS (e.g....

    Authors: Ingo Franke, Malik Aydin, Lisa Kurylowicz, Corinna Elke Llamas Lopez, Rainer Ganschow, Michael J. Lentze and Mark Born

    Citation: BMC Nephrology 2019 20:45

    Content type: Research article

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  32. Distal renal tubular acidosis (dRTA) is a heterogeneous disorder characterized by normal anion gap metabolic acidosis. Autosomal recessive dRTA is usually caused by mutations occurring in ATP6V1B1 and ATP6V0A4...

    Authors: Xiangzhong Zhao, Jingru Lu, Yanxia Gao, Xiaoling Wang, Yanhua Lang and Leping Shao

    Citation: BMC Nephrology 2018 19:364

    Content type: Case report

    Published on:

  33. Idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS) is the most common chronic glomerular disease in children. Approximately 80–90% of patients with childhood INS have steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome (SSNS), and can obta...

    Authors: Tomoko Horinouchi, Mayumi Sako, Koichi Nakanishi, Kenji Ishikura, Shuichi Ito, Hidefumi Nakamura, Mari Saito Oba, Kandai Nozu and Kazumoto Iijima

    Citation: BMC Nephrology 2018 19:302

    Content type: Study protocol

    Published on:

  34. To evaluate changes in population characteristics and outcomes in a large single-center pediatric patient cohort treated with continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) over a 10 year course, coincident with ...

    Authors: Alyssa A. Riley, Mary Watson, Carolyn Smith, Danielle Guffey, Charles G. Minard, Helen Currier and Ayse Akcan Arikan

    Citation: BMC Nephrology 2018 19:268

    Content type: Research article

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  35. Eighty percent of children with steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome (SSNS) relapse within 2 years and 40–50% patients show frequently-relapsing nephrotic syndrome (FRNS). Patients showing a relapse within 6 m...

    Authors: Taketsugu Hama, Koichi Nakanishi, Kenji Ishikura, Shuichi Ito, Hidefumi Nakamura, Mayumi Sako, Mari Saito-Oba, Kandai Nozu, Yuko Shima, Kazumoto Iijima and Norishige Yoshikawa

    Citation: BMC Nephrology 2018 19:223

    Content type: Study protocol

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  36. Cardiovascular disease is prevalent in children on dialysis and accounts for almost 30% of all deaths. Randomised trials in adults suggest that haemodiafiltration (HDF) with high convection volumes is associat...

    Authors: Rukshana Shroff, Aysun Bayazit, Constantinos J. Stefanidis, Varvara Askiti, Karolis Azukaitis, Nur Canpolat, Ayse Agbas, Ali Anarat, Bilal Aoun, Sevcan Bakkaloglu, Devina Bhowruth, Dagmara Borzych-Dużałka, Ipek Kaplan Bulut, Rainer Büscher, Claire Dempster, Ali Duzova…

    Citation: BMC Nephrology 2018 19:199

    Content type: Study protocol

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  37. While there is a great deal of research updating methods for estimating renal function, many of these methods are being developed in either adults with CKD or younger children. Currently, there is limited unde...

    Authors: Michael Webster-Clark, Byron Jaeger, Yi Zhong, Guido Filler, Ana Alvarez-Elias, Nora Franceschini and Maria E. Díaz-González de Ferris

    Citation: BMC Nephrology 2018 19:194

    Content type: Research article

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  38. Nephrotic syndrome (NS) is characterized by dyslipidemia which is a well-known risk factor for atherogenesis. Atherosclerosis in childhood is mostly subclinical and endothelial dysfunction is known to precede ...

    Authors: S. K. Patnaik, P. Kumar, M. Bamal, S. Patel, M. P. Yadav, V. Kumar, A. Sinha, A. Bagga and M. Kanitkar

    Citation: BMC Nephrology 2018 19:81

    Content type: Study protocol

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  40. Evaluation of patient’s dry weight remains challenging in chronic hemodialysis (HD) especially in children. Inferior Vena Cava (IVC) measurement was reported useful to assess fluid overload both in adults and ...

    Authors: Xavier Torterüe, Laurène Dehoux, Marie-Alice Macher, Olivier Niel, Thérésa Kwon, Georges Deschênes and Julien Hogan

    Citation: BMC Nephrology 2017 18:373

    Content type: Research article

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  41. The significance of IgM deposits in glomerular mesangium has been controversial since they were first described due to the variations in the both the definitions used and described impact on clinical outcome. ...

    Authors: Sandra Juozapaite, Rimante Cerkauskiene, Arvydas Laurinavicius and Augustina Jankauskiene

    Citation: BMC Nephrology 2017 18:260

    Content type: Research article

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  42. Nephropathic cystinosis is a rare inherited metabolic disorder leading to progressive renal failure and extra-renal comorbidity. The prognosis relies on early adherence to cysteamine treatment and symptomatic ...

    Authors: Aurélia Bertholet-Thomas, Julien Berthiller, Velibor Tasic, Behrouz Kassai, Hasan Otukesh, Marcella Greco, Jochen Ehrich, Rejane de Paula Bernardes, Georges Deschênes, Sally-Ann Hulton, Michel Fischbach, Kenza Soulami, Bassam Saeed, Ehsan Valavi, Carlos Jose Cobenas, Bülent Hacihamdioglu…

    Citation: BMC Nephrology 2017 18:210

    Content type: Research article

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  43. High levels of fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF23) are associated with mortality. In chronic kidney disease (CKD), FGF23 levels rise as renal function declines. We analyzed the contribution of laboratory value...

    Authors: Daisy Liu, Ana Catalina Alvarez-Elías, Brooke Wile, Vladimir Belostotsky and Guido Filler

    Citation: BMC Nephrology 2017 18:204

    Content type: Research article

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  44. Growth impairment remains common in children with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Available literature indicates low level of recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) utilization in short children with CKD. Despi...

    Authors: Oleh M. Akchurin, Amy J. Kogon, Juhi Kumar, Christine B. Sethna, Hoda T. Hammad, Paul J. Christos, John D. Mahan, Larry A. Greenbaum and Robert Woroniecki

    Citation: BMC Nephrology 2017 18:181

    Content type: Research article

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  45. Whilst still rare, the incidence of paediatric stone disease is increasing in developed countries and it is important to evaluate the aetiology. We set up a dedicated renal stone service for children combining...

    Authors: Naomi Issler, Stephanie Dufek, Robert Kleta, Detlef Bockenhauer, Naima Smeulders and William van‘t Hoff

    Citation: BMC Nephrology 2017 18:136

    Content type: Research article

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  46. There is still an ongoing discussion on the prognostic value of cystatin C in assessment of kidney function. Accordingly, the present study aimed to conduct a meta-analysis to provide evidence for the prognost...

    Authors: Babak Nakhjavan-Shahraki, Mahmoud Yousefifard, Neamatollah Ataei, Masoud Baikpour, Fatemeh Ataei, Behnaz Bazargani, Arash Abbasi, Parisa Ghelichkhani, Faezeh Javidilarijani and Mostafa Hosseini

    Citation: BMC Nephrology 2017 18:120

    Content type: Research article

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  47. Atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS) is a devastating disease with significant morbidity and mortality. Its genetic heterogeneity impacts its clinical presentation, progress, and outcome, and there is no ...

    Authors: Nesrin Besbas, Bora Gulhan, Oguz Soylemezoglu, Z. Birsin Ozcakar, Emine Korkmaz, Mutlu Hayran and Fatih Ozaltin

    Citation: BMC Nephrology 2017 18:6

    Content type: Research article

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  48. Acute kidney injury (AKI) has been associated with high morbidity and mortality rates among critically ill children. Cystatin C is a protease inhibitor, and studies have shown that it is a promising marker for...

    Authors: Osama Y. Safdar, Mohammed Shalaby, Norah Khathlan, Bassem Elattal, Mohammed Bin Joubah, Esraa Bukahri, Mafaza Saber, Arwa Alahadal, Hala Aljariry, Safaa Gasim, Afnan Hadadi, Abdullah Alqahtani, Roaa Awleyakhan and Jameela A. Kari

    Citation: BMC Nephrology 2016 17:130

    Content type: Research article

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  50. The global pediatric nephrology workforce is poorly characterized. The objectives of our study were to assess pediatric nephrologists’ perceptions of the adequacy of the pediatric nephrology workforce, and und...

    Authors: Dorey Glenn, Sophie Ocegueda, Meaghan Nazareth, Yi Zhong, Adam Weinstein, William Primack, Pierre Cochat and Maria Ferris

    Citation: BMC Nephrology 2016 17:83

    Content type: Research article

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