Table 3 Detailed description of the included publications on dialysis patients

Tang I et al. [17], (1993), HD outpts

DS

NR

6

Therapeutic interventions provided by CP

No./Types of interventions

205 (100%)

Abstract

   Drug selection

   66 (32.2%)

   Drug discontinuation

   39 (19.0%)

   Dose selection

   50 (24.4%)

Significance of interventions

   Preservation of major organ function

   34.6%

   Improvement in quality of care

   62.4%

PhAR

91.7%

Kaplan B et al. [18], (1994), HD outpts

DS

24

NR

Focused DT review programmes

No. of recommendations/informative comments

114/85

Abstract

PhAR

76% (implemented 70%)

Grabe DW et al. [19], (1997), HD outpts

DS

45

1

DT reviews by CP

Therapeutic recommendations

No./Types of DRPs

126 (100%)

   Drug interactions

   35 (27.5%)

   Dialysis-specific DRPs

   33 (26.5%)

PhAR

81%

No. of interventions

102

   1 - adverse significance

   0%

   2 - no significance

   6.9%

   3 - somewhat significant

   0%

   4 - significant

   78%

   5 - very significant

   4.9%

   6 - extremely significant

   1%

Possidente CJ et al. [12], (1999), HD and PD inpts

DS

37

3.5

CPS (MR, pts interviews, identification and resolution of DRPs)

No./Types of DRPs

161

   Pts did not receive drug

   Overdosage

   Labs needed

More DRPs (77) at admission vs. discharge (41)

PhAR

95.7%

Significance

   Somewhat significant

   24.7%

   Significant

   58.4%

   Very significant

   16.9%

To LL et al. [26], (2001), HD outpts

BAS

49

6

Pharmacist-managed programmes compared to physician-managed pts

Mean HCT (± SD) during physician period vs. pharmacist period

35.36 ± 3.33/36.21 ± 3.46%

Total EPO ? dose

8.5/7.7 million units

Total elemental iron dose oral

85.605/95.550 mg

Total elemental iron dose i.v.

13.600/33.025 mg

Mean (± SD) Tsat level

29.82 ± 14.92/30.78 ± 13.17%

Viola RA et al. [27], (2002), HD outpts

DS

26

6

Pharmacist-managed hyperlipidaemia programmes with HD pts (laboratory management, counselling, statin initiation, and adjustments)

% of pts achieving LDL cholesterol target at baseline vs. Month 6

58%/88%

Mean LDL (± SD) cholesterol at baseline vs. Month 6

96c5/80 ± 3 mg/dL

Mean total cholesterol (± SD) at baseline vs. Month 6

170 ± 7/151 ± 4 mg/dL

No./Types of interventions

15

   Dose increase

   6

   Drug change

   5

   Therapy initiation

   2

Kimura T et al. [28], (2004), HD outpts

DS

41

9

Pharmacist-managed anaemia programmes

No. pts achieving the HCT target of >30% at baseline vs. Month 9

7 (17.1%)/32 (78%)

No. pts with EPO dose reductions due to intervention

23 (56%)

Manley HJ et al. [29], (2004), HD outpts

Abstract

DS

408

NR

Implementations of treatment algorithms for CV disease in HD pts by a pharmacist, collections of CV medication-related issues and recommendations to nephrologists, pts interview, MR

No. of recommendations

1575

PhAR

79.8%

Impact of recommendations on pts care

   Improvement

   89.9%

   No impact

   7.6%

   Worsened pts care

   2.4%

LDL cholesterol

-31.2 mg/dL

HbA1C

-0.3%

Adjusted CV mortality hazard ratio

0.48 (CI 0.18, 1.3)

Walton T et al. [30], (2005), HD outpts

DS

278

26

Pharmacist-managed anaemia programmes

Hb value at baseline and Month 6

9.5/11.8 g/dL

Mean (± SD) ferritin at baseline and Month 6

280.9 ± 326.4/431 ± 232.1 ng/mL

Mean (± SD) Tsat at baseline and Month 6

21 ± 7.9/33 ± 8%

Sathvik BS et al. [32], (2007), HD outpts

RCT

90

4

Pharmacist-provided pts education

Medication knowledge (MKAQ) at baseline, Month 2 and 4 in Group 1 and 2

Improvement in MKAQ scores in Group 1 compared to baseline and to Group 2 at Month 2

Group 1: Pharmacist pts education (Month 0-2)

No significant improvement in MKAQ scores in Group 2 compared to baseline at Month 2

Group 2: Usual health care w/o pharmacists (Month 0-2)

Improvement in MKAQ scores in Group 2 at Month 4 compared to baseline and to scores at Month 2

Switch at Month 2

Decrease in MKAQ scores in Group I at Month 4 compared to Month 2

Erickson AI et al. [20], (2008), HD in- and outpts

DS

1184 pts visits

4

Prospective order review by CP and general CPS

Compliance with prospective order review

1059 (89.4%)

No./Types of interventions

77 (100%)

   Therapeutic-related

   11 (14.3%)

   Safety-related

   49 (63.6%)

   Compliance-related

   17 (22.1%)

PhAR

100%

Castro R et al. [13], (2009), HD in- and outpts

BAS

60

6

MTM

Disease control parameters at baseline vs. follow-up visit at Day 90

   Abstract

SBP (MTM)

150 ± 22/144 ± 18 mmHg

SBP (non-MTM)

143 ± 21/145 ± 25 mmHg

HbA_1c (MTM)

9.2 ± 1.6/9.0 ± 2.0%

HbA_1c (non-MTM)

6.2 ± 1.2/6.5 ± 1.4%

Phosphorus (MTM)

6.2/5.6 mg/dL

Calcium/phosphorous product (MTM)

56 ± 19/50 ± 16

Mirkov S [21],

(2009), HD outpts

DS

64

8

DT reviews by CP

No./types of DRPs

278 (100%)

   Non-adherence

   61 (22%)

   Overdosage

   26 (9.3%)

   Untreated indication

   24 (8.6%)

Pai AB et al. [22], (2009), HD outpts

RCT

104 (57/47)

24

INT: PC, DT reviews by CP

No./Types of DRPs

530 (100%)

CT: SOC, DT reviews by dialysis nurse

   Drug record discrepancy

   133 (25%)

   Untreated indication

   111 (21%)

   Subtherapeutic dosage

   74 (14%)

PhAR

100%

Reduction in drug use in INT

14%

Reduction of hospitalisations in INT

42%

Reduction of LOS in INT

21%

Pai AB et al. [23], (2009), HD outpts

RCT

107 (61/46)

24

INT: PC, DT reviews by CP

Total RQLP scores at Year 1 compared to baseline INT/CT

Worsening in Total RQLP score at Year 1 in CT group (88 ± 31/71 ± 34)

CT: SOC, DT reviews by dialysis nurse

Total RQLP scores at Year 2 compared to baseline INT/CT

Improvement in INT/CT group, no statistically significant difference