Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the healthy controls with lower serum vaspin levels (control/Vaspin _Low ) or higher serum vaspin levels (control/Vaspin _High ) and the chronic hemodialysis (HD) patients with lower serum vaspin levels (HD/Vaspin _Low ) or higher serum vaspin levels (HD/Vaspin _High )

Total number

90

127

5

11

Vaspin (ng/ml)

0.87 ± 0.24

0.32 ± 0.15

<0.0001*

23.4 ± 6.26

31.0 ± 9.15

0.0785

Gender (female: male)

48:42

41:86

0.0019*

4:1

5:6

0.0023*

Age (years)

49.7 ± 6.90

51.9 ± 10.1

0.0575

52.8 ± 5,47

45.4 ± 13.7

0.1788

BMI (kg/m²)

23.5 ± 3.84

22.0 ± 3.46

0.0115*

22.6 ± 1.62

24.3 ± 4.79

0.3948

Waist circumference (cm)

78.1 ± 11.5

77.8 ± 9.69

0.8701

74.2 ± 7.32

78.5 ± 9.91

0.3596

Systolic BP (mmHg)

124 ± 16

132 ± 24

0.0049*

135 ± 16

128 ± 27

0.5561

Creatinine (mg/dl)

0.73 ± 0.15

13.2 ± 2.91

<0.0001*

0.74 ± 0.21

13.0 ± 3.00

<0.0001*

Blood glucose (mg/dl)

98.6 ± 28.0

119.2 ± 43.8

<0.0001*

87.6 ± 9.48

115.0 ± 33.0

0.0250*

Total cholesterol (mg/dl)

214.4 ± 36.0

162.2 ± 40.1

<0.0001*

211.2 ± 17.0

166.9 ± 37.8

0.0080*

HDL cholesterol (mg/dl)

66.4 ± 15.1

45.9 ± 13.9

<0.0001*

65.4 ± 14.8

52.0 ± 16.7

0.1467

TG (mg/dl)

135.0 ± 86.1

127.2 ± 93.1

0.5397

85.2 ± 24.4

97.2 ± 27.9

0.4147

Albumin (g/dl)

4.58 ± 0.24

3.85 ± 0.32

<0.0001*

4.56 ± 0.15

3.65 ± 0.35

<0.0001*

Hemoglobin (g/dl)

14.0 ± 1.64

10.3 ± 0.89

<0.0001*

12.4 ± 2.78

10.1 ± 0.69

0.1361