Table 1 Comparison of the clinical characteristics according to the initial proteinuria level at the time of peritoneal dialysis (PD) initiation and the end of the follow-up period
From: Impact of heavy proteinuria on clinical outcomes in patients on incident peritoneal dialysis
At the time of PD initiation | A group (n=119) | B group (n=218) | C group (n=51) | P value* |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 53.3 ± 14.5 | 53.3 ± 13.3 | 50.3 ± 12.6 | 0.323 |
Sex (male) | 55 (46.2%) | 123 (56.4%) | 36 (70.6%) | 0.012 |
Underlying disease | <0.001 | |||
DM | 34 (28.6%) | 120 (55.0%) | 39 (76.5%) | |
Hypertension | 45 (37.8%) | 49 (22.5%) | 4 (7.8%) | |
Chronic glomerulonephritis | 9 (7.5%) | 18 (8.3%) | 7 (13.7%) | |
Others | 12 (10.1%) | 13 (5.9%) | 1 (2.0%) | |
Unknown | 19 (16.0%) | 18 (8.3%) | 0 | |
Use of icodextrin | 28 (23.5%) | 72 (33.0%) | 24 (47.1%) | 0.009 |
Use of renin-angiotensin blockade | 101 (84.9%) | 171 (78.4%) | 46 (90.2%) | 0.089 |
Creatinine level (mg/dL) | 6.78 ± 2.54 | 6.80 ± 2.38 | 6.94 ± 2.88 | 0.923 |
Corrected calcium level (mg/dL) | 9.05 ± 0.87 | 8.88 ± 0.79 | 8.93 ± 0.84 | 0.201 |
Phosphorus level (mg/dL) | 3.85 ± 1.28 | 3.79 ± 1.16 | 4.05 ± 1.29 | 0.364 |
CRP level (mg/dL) | 0.177 (0.00~4.52) | 0.13 (0.00~4.44) | 0.13 (0.02~3.28) | 0.186 |
Dialysis modality (APD) | 2 (1.7%) | 29 (13.3%) | 6 (11.8%) | 0.002 |
PET | 0.669 | |||
High transporter | 17 (14.3%) | 30 (13.8%) | 7 (13.7%) | |
Others | 99 (83.2%) | 186 (85.3%) | 44 (86.3%) | |
NA | 3 (2.5%) | 2 (0.9%) | 0 (0%) | |
Weekly Kt/V | 2.44 ± 0.90 | 2.39 ± 0.63 | 2.50 ± 0.69 | 0.604 |
Peritoneal Kt/V | 1.75 ± 0.55 | 1.63 ± 0.47 | 1.64 ± 0.55 | 0.096 |
Inadequate dialysis dose | 18 (15.1%) | 27 (12.4%) | 4 (7.8%) | 0.677 |
Albumin level (g/dL) | 3.59 ± 0.48b | 3.53 ± 0.54b | 3.05 ± 0.61a | <0.001 |
GNRI | 93.3 ± 7.7b | 93.1 ± 8.42b | 86.4 ± 9.2a | <0.001 |
nPNA (g/kg/day) | 0.88 ± 0.20 | 0.89 ± 0.18 | 0.90 ± 0.22 | 0.900 |
MAP | 90 ± 13 | 92 ± 12 | 98 ± 12 | 0.080 |
Lean mass index (kg/m2) | 15.92 ± 2.19a | 16.53 ± 1.99a | 17.91 ± 2.64b | <0.001 |
Fat mass index (kg/m2) | 5.23 ± 2.30 | 4.91 ± 2.26 | 4.78 ± 2.34 | 0.412 |
Urine volume (mL/day) | 700 (200–2830)a | 960 (200–3300)b | 1100 (300–3700)b | <0.001 |
RRF (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 2.90 (0.33–34.30)a | 3.49 (0.58–15.46) a | 4.22 (1.50–23.41)b | <0.001 |
Peritoneal albumin loss (mg/day) | 3479 ± 1319a | 3218 ± 1273a | 2685 ± 993b | 0.001 |
Proteinuria level (mg/day) | 150 (39–490)a | 1241 (504–3,458)b | 5786 (3,510–24,000)c | <0.001 |
Glucose absorption (g/day) | 67.5 ± 19.2 | 65.4 ± 21.9 | 65.4 ± 24.8 | 0.676 |
At the end of follow-up | ||||
Creatinine (mg/dL) | 7.80 ± 2.63a | 8.50 ± 2.96a | 10.43 ± 3.35b | <0.001 |
CRP (mg/dL) | 0.12 (0.00–3.98) | 0.10 (0.00–5.82) | 0.15 (0.00–3.75) | 0.521 |
Weekly Kt/V | 2.33 ± 0.69b | 2.20 ± 0.64a,b | 2.01 ± 0.50a | 0.026 |
Peritoneal Kt/V | 1.62 ± 0.39 | 1.55 ± 0.39 | 1.60 ± 0.39 | 0.326 |
Inadequate dialysis dose | 7 (5.9%) | 31 (14.2%) | 10 (19.6%) | 0.058 |
Albumin (g/dL) | 3.80 ± 0.47b | 3.63 ± 0.47a | 3.59 ± 0.48a | 0.008 |
GNRI | 97.2 ± 7.2 | 94.8 ± 7.5 | 94.9 ± 7.3 | 0.122 |
nPNA (g/kg/day) | 0.92 ± 0.19 | 0.94 ± 0.22 | 0.96 ± 0.19 | 0.641 |
MAP | 95 ± 15a | 96 ± 13a | 107 ± 15b | 0.006 |
Peritonitis rate (episodes/year) | 0.32 ± 0.58 | 0.34 ± 0.58 | 0.27 ± 0.45 | 0.720 |
Lean mass index (kg/m2) | 15.95 ± 2.32a | 16.58 ± 2.14a | 18.03 ± 2.10b | <0.001 |
Fat mass index (kg/m2) | 5.73 ± 2.32 | 5.58 ± 2.01 | 5.41 ± 2.30 | 0.770 |
Urine volume (mL/day) | 900 (0–2480)b | 810 (0–2950)b | 460 (0–1600)a | 0.001 |
RRF (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 3.11 (0.00–24.3)b | 2.88 (0.00–17.26)b | 1.41 (0.00–6.14)a | 0.008 |
Peritoneal albumin loss (mg/day) | 3028 ± 1057 | 3018 ± 1200 | 3174 ± 1277 | 0.606 |
Proteinuria level (mg/day) | 258 (0–4000)a | 636 (0–4911)b | 995 (0–15600)b | <0.001 |