Table 3 Adjusted prevalence of CKD by glycemic status and selected characteristics, with estimation of GFR by the MDRD Study equation and the CKD-EPI equation (%)

MDRD Study–estimated

Overall

25.8 (21.0-31.2)

25.0 (19.9-30.9)

12.3 (10.3-14.6)

9.1 (4.2-13.9)

<0.001

Age (years)

  20-59

23.8 (17.7-31.2)

27.9 (21.0-36.0)

10.4 (8.3-13.0)

7.7 (4.8-9.6)

<0.001

  ≥60

28.5 (21.3-37.0)

22.6 (15.4-31.9)

15.8 (12.0-20.6)

13.1 (6.9-11.6)

<0.001

Gender

  Male

23.4 (16.9-31.4)

21.1 (14.8-29.1)

8.6 (6.3-11.5)

6.7 (3.1-9.5)

<0.001

  Female

23.8 (17.9-30.9)

25.5 (18.5-34.2)

14.5 (11.7-17.9)

11.6 (7.0-14.2)

<0.001

BMI (kg/m²)

  <24

23.3 (16.5-31.8)

22.5 (14.7-32.9)

9.5 (7.0-12.6)

7.1(2.7-14.2)

<0.001

  Overweight, 24-

25.4 (18.5-33.9)

24.4 (17.2-33.5)

12.5 (9.5-16.2)

11.0(3.6-22.2)

<0.001

  Obesity, ≥28

27.2 (16.4-41.6)

30.5 (18.8-45.4)

19.4 (13.2-27.5)

18.5(3.5-45.4)

0.002

Hypertension

  Yes

35.1 (27.6-43.4)

35.4 (26.6-45.5)

17.3 (13.5-21.8)

16.7 (6.4-36.8)

<0.001

  No

19.9 (14.0-27.6)

20.1 (14.0-28.0)

10.5 (8.2-13.3)

6.9 (3.4-13.3)

<0.001

CKD-EPI–Estimated

Overall

24.5 (20.0-29.7)

23.3 (18.4-29.0)

12.1 (10.2-14.3)

9.8 (5.0-13.8)

<0.001

Age (years)

  20-59

23.8 (17.7-31.2)

28.0 (21.1-36.1)

10.4 (8.3-13.0)

7.8 (5.0-9.4)

<0.001

  ≥60

33.2 (25.6-41.9)

24.1 (16.7-33.4)

18.7 (14.6-23.7)

15.7 (8.7-14.0)

<0.001

Gender

  Male

23.5 (17.1-31.4)

20.4 (14.3-28.2)

9.1 (6.8-12.1)

7.3 (3.4-10.4)

<0.001

  Female

24.4 (18.5-31.5)

24.5 (17.7-32.8)

14.3 (11.5-17.5)

11.7 (7.1-14.4)

<0.001

BMI (kg/m²)

  <24

23.7 (17.0-32.1)

20.6 (13.3-30.4)

9.4 (7.1-12.4)

7.5 (3.0-15.0)

<0.001

  Overweight, 24-

25.7 (18.8-34.1)

24.9 (17.7-33.9)

13.0 (10.0-16.8)

11.5 (3.8-23.2)

<0.001

  Obesity, ≥28

30.4 (18.8-45.1)

30.4 (18.8-45.4)

21.2 (14.7-29.7)

19.5 (3.7-36.8)

0.001

Hypertension

  Yes

37.5 (29.8-45.9)

36.9 (28.0-46.8)

18.9 (15.0-23.6)

18.0 (7.1-30.9)

<0.001

  No

20.8 (14.8-28.4)

19.2 (13.3-26.8)

10.9 (8.6-13.7)

7.5 (3.8-14.2)

<0.001