Associations of epicardial fat with coronary calcification, insulin resistance, inflammation, and fibroblast growth factor-23 in stage 3-5 chronic kidney disease

Table 1 Baseline clinical characteristics of study participants (N = 94)

Variable	Prevalence	Mean/Median	SD/IQR
Age (years)		63.7	14
Male sex	56%
Body mass index (kg/m²)		31.7	9.3
eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m²)		25.1	11.9
UACR (mg/mmol) (N = 88)		22.2	4-118
Hypertension (N = 93)	94.7%
Systolic Blood Pressure (mmHg) (N = 93)		131.8	17.4
Diastolic Blood Pressure (mmHg) (N = 93)		73.3	11.8
Diabetes mellitus	39%
Metabolic Syndrome	81%
HOMA-IR (uU/mL) (N = 72)		2.19	1.19–3.94
Glucose (mmol/l)		5.7	5.2–6.7
Hemoglobin A1C% (N = 93)		6.1	5.6–7.2
Calcium (mmol/l)		2.30	.022
Phosphorus (mmol/l)		1.29	0.27
Albumin (g/l)		37.3	3.6
Total cholesterol (mmol/l) (N = 93)		4.15	1.29
HDL cholesterol (mmol/l) (N = 93)		1.01	0.34
LDL cholesterol (mmol/l) (N = 92)		2.37	1.05
Triglycerides (mmol/l) (N = 93)		1.8	1.06
hsCRP (mg/l) (N = 93)		3.00	1.25–6.1
25-Hydroxy Vitamin D (nmol/l)		54.67	44.9–69.1
1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D (pmol/l)		49.6	30.8–71.5
FGF-23 (RU/ml)		150.8	73.4–305.3
Fetuin (g/L) (N = 93)		0.613	0.13
Osteoprotegerin (pmol/L)		4.09	1.86
Interleukin – 6 (pg/mL) (N = 93)		1.89	0.67–5.30
Coronary artery calcification score (AU)		192	24–873
ssEFV (cm³)		5.03	2.4
ssEFA (cm²)		20.1	9.77

eGFR = estimated glomerular filtration rate; UACR = urinary albumin to creatinine ratio; HOMA-IR = homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; HDL = high density lipoprotein; LDL = low density lipoprotein; hsCRP = high sensitivity C-reactive protein; FGF-23 = fibroblast growth factor −23; AU = Agatston units; ssEFV = single slice epicardial fat volume at the level of the left main coronary artery (LMCA); ssEFA = single slice epicardial fat area at the level of the LMCA; SD = standard deviation; IQR = interquartile range.

ISSN: 1471-2369