How are patients managing with the costs of care for chronic kidney disease in Australia? A cross-sectional study

BMC Nephrology

Table 2 Unadjusted and adjusted logistic regression models of correlates of economic hardship

Covariates	Unadjusted OR (95% CI)	P-value	Adjusted^aOR (95% CI)	P-value
Age	0.97 (0.95–0.99)	<0.001	0.99 (0.96–1.02)	0.32
Home ownership (yes)	0.19 (0.11–0.32)	<0.0001	0.32 (0.14–0.71)	0.005
Quality of life	0.14 (0.04–0.43)	<0.001	0.12 (0.02–0.56)	0.007
Number of social encounters (per week)		0.02		0.01
0	1.00		1.0
1-3	3.60 (1.34–9.69)		1.90 (0.79–4.57)
4-6	4.38 (1.70–11.25)		0.58 (0.16–2.11)
>6	2.36 (0.71–7.80)		0.31 (0.09–1.09)
Receiving concessions and subsidies for living and medical expenses	10.57 (1.47–14.74)	0.001	3.09 (1.38–6.91)	0.006
Income impacted by illness (due to early departure from work or change in employment)	5.68 (3.27– 9.86)	<.0001	4.80 (2.17–10.62)	0.0001
Access to financial resources (could pay AUD$2000 in a week for something important)	0.12 (0.07–0.22)	<.0001	0.24 (0.11–0.50)	0.0001

^a Hosmer and Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test; : χ ²: 4.48, p=0.81.
The adjusted model was built manually and included all variables associated with hardship at the level of P <0.25 in univariate analysis (shown in Table 1).

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