Table 2 Baseline characteristics of the cohort stratified by death during the follow-up period

Demographics and health utilization

Age, mean (SD)

68 (±14)

56 (±17)

<0.01

Female gender, n (%)

589 (40)

1 040 (41)

0.61

Rural locale, n (%)

206 (14)

395 (14)

0.73

Pre-admission nephrology consultation, n (%)^a

441 (30)

563 (22)

<0.01

Pre-admission cardiology consultation, n (%)^a

750 (51)

1 085 (43)

<0.01

Comorbid disease ^b

Charlson comorbidity score, median (IQR)

4 (2–5)

2 (0–3)

<0.01

Coronary artery disease, n (%)

842 (57)

1 091 (43)

<0001

Congestive heart failure, n (%)

718 (49)

721 (28)

<0.01

Cerebrovascular disease, n (%)

349 (24)

364 (14)

<0.01

Diabetes, n (%)

700 (48)

1012 (40)

0.08

Malignancy, n (%)

715 (49)

845 (33)

<0.01

Liver disease, n (%)

214 (15)

430 (17)

0.05

Peripheral vascular disease, n (%)

82 (6)

33 (1)

<0.01

Chronic kidney disease, n (%)

286 (19)

265 (10)

<0.01

Hypertension, n (%)

1 122 (76)

1616 (63)

<0.01

Dementia, n (%)

182 (12)

152 (6)

<0. 01

Hematuria, n (%)

457 (31)

603 (24)

0.5

Proteinuria, n (%)

6 (0.4)

7 (03)

<0.01

Conditions during index hospitalization

Sepsis, n (%)

280 (19)

527 (21)

0.2

Aortic aneurysm repair, n (%)

69 (5)

86 (3)

0.04

Cardiac surgery, n (%)

152 (10)

320 (13)

0.03

Mechanical ventilation, n (%)

705 (48)

1 504 (59)

<0.01

Hospital type

Teaching hospital, n (%)

746 (48)

1 406 (51)

0.15