Study, country/region | Source of effectiveness data | Intervention group | Control group | Decision model type | Time horizon (years) | Evaluation type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ACEIs | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Golan et al. 1999 US [33] | UERNN, LEAPP and EADN trial | ‘Treat all’ strategya | (1) Screen for MiAb; | Markov model with 5 states | 10 | CEA & CUA (Life-years & QALYs) |
(2) Screen for gross proteinuriac. | ||||||
Sakthong et al. 2001 Thailand [34] | LEAN trial and the opinion of nephrologists | Enalapril at the dose of 10Â mg/day | Placebo | Markov model with 4 stages | 25 | CEA (Life years) |
Rosen et al. 2005 US [35] | UERNN, EADN, LEAN, H-MH studies and HOPE trial | Medicare first-dollar coverage of ACEIs | Year 2005’s Medicare practice | Markov model adding a cardiovascular events component. | lifetime | CEA & CUA (Life-years & QALYs) |
Campbell et al. 2007 US [36] | UERNN, EADN, H-MH studies and IRMA-2 trial | ACEI therapy in normoalbuminimuric, microalbuminuric, and macroalbuminuric patients | No ACEI initiation in patients | Markov model | 8 | CEA (CVD event avoided, life saved, dialysis prevented, composite endpoint avoided) |
Adarkwah et al. 2010 Germany [37] | EADN and two meta-analyses | ‘Treat all’ strategya | (1) Screen for MiAb; | Markov model with 5 states | 50 | CUA (QALY) |
(2) Screen for MaAc; | ||||||
(3) no-screening and no-treatment alternative. | ||||||
Adarkwah et al. 2011 Netherlands [38] | EADN and two meta-analyses | ‘Treat all’ strategya | (1) Screen for MiAb; | Markov model with 5 states | 50 | CUA (QALY) |
(2) Screen for MaAc. | ||||||
ARBs | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Losartan | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Herman et al. 2003 US [39] | RENAAL trial | Losartan | Placebod | A regression-based method | 3.5 / 4 | CEA (Number of ESRD days) |
Souchet et al. 2003 France [40] | RENAAL trial | Losartan (initial daily dosing of losartan was 50Â mg, with the possibility of titration to 100Â mg/day) | Placebod | A regression-based method | 3.5 / 4 | CEA (Number of ESRD days) |
Burgess et al. 2004 Canada [41] | RENAAL trial | Losartan | Placebod | A regression-based method | 3.5 / 4 | CEA (Number of ESRD days) |
Szucs et al. 2004 Switzerland [42] | RENAAL trial | Losartan (initial daily dosing of losartan was 50Â mg, with the possibility of titration to 100Â mg/day) | Placebod | A regression-based method | 3.5 / 4 | CEA (Number of ESRD days) |
Seng et al. 2005 Hong Kong [32] (only data of Hong Kong were included) | RENAAL trial | Losartan | Placebod | A regression-based method | 3.5 | CEA (Number of ESRD days) |
Arredondo et al. 2005 Mexico [43]] | RENAAL trial | Losartan | Placebod | A variation of the cumulative incidence competing risk method / Weibull model | 25 (life time) | CEA (Cumulative incidence of ESRD, life expectancy) |
Vora et al. 2005 UK [44] | RENAAL trial | Losartan (50–100 mg QD) | Conventional antihypertensive treatmentd (excluding ACEIs or angiotensin II antagonists) | Weibull model | life time | CEA (Cumulative incidence of ESRD, life expectancy) |
Carides et al. 2006 US [45] | RENAAL trial | Losartan | Placebod | A cumulative incidence competing risk method / Weibull model | 25 (life time) | CEA (Cumulative incidence of ESRD, life expectancy) |
Stafylas et al. 2007 Greece [46] | RENAAL trial | Losartan (50–100 mg QD) | Placebod | Markov model with 6 states | 3.5/4 | CEA (Number of ESRD days) |
de Portu et al. 2011 Italy, France, Germany, Switzerland, US [47] | RENAAL trial | Losartan | Standard cared | Standard methods by comparing the economic outcomes deriving from additional losartan to standard care vs standard care alone | 3.4 | CEA (Number of ESRD days) |
Irbesartan | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Rodby RA et al. 2003 US [48] | IDNT trial | Irbesartan titrated from 75 to 300 mg/day | (1) ‘Control’d; | Markov model with 5 stages | 25 | CEA (Life expectancy) |
(2) Amlodipine titrated from 2.5 to 10Â mg/day. | ||||||
Palmer AJ et al. 2003 Belgium, France [49] | IDNT trial | Irbesartan titrated from 75 to 300 mg/day | (1) ‘Control’d; | Markov model with 5 stages | 25 | CEA (Life expectancy) |
(2) Amlodipine titrated from 2.5 to 10Â mg/day. | ||||||
Coyle D et al. 2004 Canada [50] | IDNT trial | Irbessartan | (1) Amlodipine; | Markov model with 5 stages | 25 | CEA (Life expectancy) |
(2) Standard cared | ||||||
Palmer AJ et al. 2004 UK [51] | IDNT trial | Irbesartan 300 mg per day | (1) ‘Control’d; | Markov model with 5 stages | 25 | CEA (Life expectancy) |
(2) Amlodipine 10Â mg per day. | ||||||
Palmer AJ et al. 2004 US [52] | IRMA-2 study and IDNT | ‘Early irbesartan’e | (1) ‘Control’d; | Markov model with 7 stages | 25 | CEA (Years free of ESRD, cumulative incidence ESRD, life expectancy) |
(2) ‘Late irbesartan’f | ||||||
Palmer AJ et al. 2005 Spain [53] | IRMA-2 study and IDNT | ‘Early irbesartan’e | Standard antihypertensive medicationsd | Markov model with 7 stages | 25 | CEA (Years free of ESRD, cumulative incidence ESRD, life expectancy) |
Palmer AJ et al. 2006 Switzerland [54] | IRMA-2 study and IDNT | ‘Early irbesartan’e | Conventional antihypertensive treatmentd initiated when patients had developed MiA. | Markov model with 7 stages | 25 | CEA (Years free of ESRD, cumulative incidence of ESRD, life expectancy) |
Palmer AJ et al. 2006 France [55] | IRMA-2 study and IDNT | ‘Early irbesartan’e | (1) ‘Control’d; | Markov model with 7 stages | 25 | CEA & CUA (Years free of ESRD, life expectancy, QALY) |
(2) ‘Late irbesartan’f | ||||||
Palmer AJ et al. 2007 Hungary [56] | IRMA-2 study and IDNT | ‘Early irbesartan’e | ‘Placebo’d: standard antihypertensive medications initiated when patients developed MiA. | Markov model with 7 stages | 25 | CEA (Years free of ESRD, cumulative incidence ESRD, life expectancy) |
Palmer AJ et al. 2007 UK [57] | IRMA-2 study and IDNT trial | ‘Early irbesartan’e | (1) ‘Control’d; | Markov model with 7 stages | 25 | CEA (Years free of ESRD, cumulative Incidence of ESRD, life expectancy) |
(2) ‘Late irbesartan’f | ||||||
Coyle D et al. 2007 Canada [58] | IRMA-2 study and IDNT | ‘Early irbesartan’e | (1) ‘Late irbesartan’f; | Markov model with 7 stages | 25 | CEA (Life expectancy) |
(2) ‘Conventional’d | ||||||
Yang W.C. et al. 2007 Taiwan [59] | IRMA-2 study and IDNT | ‘Early irbesartan’e | (1) ‘Standard’d; | Markov model with 7 stages | 25 | CEA (Life expectancy, number of years free of ESRD, cumulative incidence of ESRD) |
(2) ‘Late irbesartan’f; | ||||||
(3) ‘Late amlodipine’g | ||||||
Annemans et al. 2008 China, Taiwan, Malaysia, Thailand, South Korea [60] | IRMA-2 study and IDNT trial | ‘Early irbesartan’e | (1) ‘Standard’d; | Markov model with 7 stages | 25 | CEA (Cumulative incidence of ESRD, number of days in dialysis, number of years free of ESRD, life expectancy) |
(2) ‘Late irbesartan’f; | ||||||
(3) ‘Late amlodipine’g | ||||||
Valsartan | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Smith DG et al. 2004 US [61] | MARVAL study | Valsartan | Amlodipine | Markov model with 7 stages | 8 | CUA (Quality-adjusted survival) |