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Table 3 Prevalence of risk factors in HTN population

From: Burden and predictors of hypertension in India: results of SEEK (Screening and Early Evaluation of Kidney Disease) study

Characteristic

Result

HTN-Yes

HTN-No

p-value

  

N = 2578

N = 3351

 
  

n

%

n

%

 

Age

< 40 years

515

20

1701

50.8

 
 

≥ 40 years

2063

80

1650

49.2

<0.0001

Gender

Female

1095

42.5

1572

46.9

 
 

Male

1482

57.5

1779

53.1

0.0007

Education

≤ 8th grade

1011

39.2

1540

46.0

 
 

9th to some college

837

32.5

1069

31.9

 
 

College grad/Post grad

715

27.7

724

21.6

0.0007

Occupation

Manual labor*

391

15.2

899

26.8

 
 

Own business/salaried

867

33.6

1128

33.7

 
 

Student

18

0.7

122

3.6

 
 

Sedentary**

1275

49.5

1171

34.9

0.0007

Income

≤ 125 $/month

1477

57.3

2295

68.5

 
 

> 125 $/month

980

38.0

939

28.0

<0.0001

Urabn

 

1502

58.3

1535

45.8

 

Rural

 

1076

41.7

1815

54.2

<0.0001

Obesity status:

     

Body mass index✝

< 23 Kg/M 2

789

30.6

1904

56.8

 
 

≥ 23 Kg/M 2

1772

68.7

1436

42.9

<0.0001

Body mass index✝✝

< 27 Kg/M 2

1709

66.3

2804

83.7

 
 

≥ 27 Kg/M 2

852

33.0

536

16.0

<0.0001

Body mass index✝✝✝

< 30 Kg/M 2

2100

81.5

3090

92.2

 
 

≥ 30 Kg/M 2

461

17.9

250

7.5

<0.0001

Abdominal

No

965

37.4

2149

64.1

 

Obesity⊙

Yes

1461

56.7

1087

32.4

<0.0001

Current Smoker or tobacco chewer

No

1875

72.7

2418

72.2

 

Yes

516

20.0

765

22.8

0.0312

Current Smoker & tobacco chewer

No

2322

90.1

3054

91.1

 

Yes

45

1.7

94

2.8

0.0117

Self reported DM

No

1892

73.4

2905

86.7

 
 

Yes

570

22.1

263

7.8

<0.0001

Diabetes mellitus♦

No

1801

69.9

2862

85.4

 
 

Yes

672

26.1

343

10.2

<0.0001

Family H/o HTN

No

1967

76.3

2697

80.5

 
 

Yes

607

23.5

647

19.3

<0.0001

Urine-protein

Absent/trace

2045

79.3

2981

89.0

 
 

> = 1+

489

19.0

310

9.3

<0.0001

CKD♦ ♦

No

1801

69.9

2814

84.0

 
 

Yes

606

23.5

358

10.7

<0.0001

Center type

Urban

1355

52.6

1284

38.3

 
 

Rural

974

37.8

1618

48.3

 
 

Mixed population

249

9.7

449

13.4

0.0051

  1. P value < 0.05 is significant.
  2. * - includes categories of occupation – agriculture workers, laborers, cowherds.
  3. ** - includes, homemakers (housewives), retired, unemployed and others.
  4. ✝ - Body Mass Index - ≥ 23 Kg/M2 includes overweight and obese as per Asian cutoff.
  5. ✝✝ - Obese as per Asian cutoff.
  6. ✝✝✝ - Obese as per conventional cutoff.
  7. ⊙ - Waist circumference ≥ 90 cms in males or ≥ 80 cms in females.
  8. ♦ - Diabetes Mellitus (DM) = Fasting blood sugar ≥ 126 or non-fasting blood sugar ≥ 200 or if self reported D.M or on anti diabetic medication.
  9. ♦ ♦ - MDRD-GFR < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2 or proteinuria ≥ 1+ on dipstick.
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BMC Nephrology

ISSN: 1471-2369

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