|  | Investigation in 2003/04 | Investigation in 2004/05 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
 |  | Offspring of BEN patients, n = 102 (%) | Offspring of control patients, n = 99 (%) | Offspring of BEN patients, n = 93 (%) | Offspring of control patients, n = 96 (%) |
Gender | male | 50.0 | 47.5 | 48.8 | 47.9 |
Smoking | Current smoker | 39.2 | 34.3 | 38.7 | 35.4 |
 | Ex-smoker | 22.6 | 12.1 | 21.5 | 12.5 |
 | Non-smoker | 38.4 | 53.5 | 39.8 | 52.1 |
Diabetes | Yes | 7.8 | 6.1 | 5.4 | 7.3 |
Parental history of hypertension | Mother | 19.6 | 16.2 | 20.4 | 16.7 |
 | Father | 13.7 | 16.2 | 15.1 | 16.7 |
 | Both | 2.9 | 5.1 | 3.2 | 5.2 |
Parental history of BEN | Mother | 38.2 | 0 | 38.7 | 0 |
 | Father | 25.2 | 0 | 25.8 | 0 |
 | Both | 36.3 | 0 | 35.5 | 0 |
Moderate hypertension in the offspringξ | 30.4 | 19.2 | 32.3 | 22.9 | |
Antihypertensive medication | 22.5 | 5.1 | 29.0 | 12.5 | |
 |  | Mean (standard deviation) or median and 95% confidence interval†| |||
Age | (years) | 47.3 (9.4) | 49.6 (9.1) | 50.4 (9.2) | 48.8 (9.6) |
Systolic blood pressure | (mm Hg) | 130.7 (20.1) | 124.9 (17.6) | 135.1 (23.0) | 126.1 (19.1) |
Diastolic blood pressure | (mm Hg) | 80.8 (12.2) | 78.9 (10.5) | 83.5 (14.0) | 80.6 (12.5) |
Pulse pressure $ | (mm Hg) | 49.3 (13.3) | 46.2 (12.1) | 51.5 (13.3) | 45.5 (10.7) |
Weight | (kg) | 75.8 (14.8) | 73.6 (11.6) | 73.3 (14.2) | 71.9 (11.1) |
Height | (cm) | 167.7 (8.5) | 169.4 (7.7) | 163.8 (9.0) | 165.3 (7.7) |
Body surface area # | (m2) | 1.87 (0.22) | 1.86 (0.2) | 1.82 (0.21) | 1.81 (0.2) |
Minimal width of the kidney cortex | (mm) | 15.5 (2.03) | 15.9 (1.9) | 15.2 (2.1) | 15.6 (1.8) |
Kidney length | (mm) | 116.7 (6.8) | 119.6 (7.0) | 117.3 (6.8) | 119.2 (6.8) |
Lead in whole blood | (μg/L, median and 95% CI)¥ | 93.8 (50–205) | 87.6 (42–225) | 87.7 (41–210) | 84 (39–203) |