Clinical clues |
   • DBP >95 or ISH with uncontrolled BP despite 2 drugs. |
   • Declining GFR – Creatinine rises >20% with ACEI/ARB or >20% rise over 1 year without glomerulonephritis or diabetes. |
   • Hypokalemia with hypertension, high renin. |
   • Abdominal bruit. |
   • Flash pulmonary edema. |
   • Peripheral vascular disease and other atherosclerotic manifestations -coronary artery disease, cerebrovascular disease. |
   • Atherosclerotic risk factors – older age (> 55), smoking, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, hypertension, male gender. |