From: Proton pump inhibitors are associated with increased risk of development of chronic kidney disease
Not on PPI | On PPI | p_value | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total | Case (death) | Control | Total | Case (death) | Control | ||
62987 | 6897 | 56090 | 36282 | 4861 | 31421 | ||
Vascular disease (n) | 16806 | 3257 | 13549 | 8683 | 1982 | 6701 | <0.0001 |
26.68 % | 47.22 % | 24.16 % | 23.93 % | 40.77 % | 21.33 % | ||
COPD (n) | 6856 | 1696 | 5160 | 4298 | 1116 | 3182 | <0.0001 |
10.88 % | 24.59 % | 9.20 % | 11.85 % | 22.96 % | 10.13 % | ||
Cancer (n) | 9220 | 1954 | 7266 | 3749 | 1073 | 2676 | <0.0001 |
14.64 % | 28.33 % | 12.95 % | 10.33 % | 22.07 % | 9.52 % | ||
Diabetes (n) | 15526 | 2295 | 13231 | 8633 | 1642 | 6991 | <0.0001 |
24.65 % | 33.28 % | 23.59 % | 23.79 % | 33.78 % | 22.25 % | ||
Hypertension (n) | 42625 | 5756 | 36869 | 26503 | 4231 | 22272 | <0.0001 |
67.67 % | 83.46 % | 65.73 % | 73.05 % | 87.04 % | 70.88 % | ||
GI (n) | 9274 | 1263 | 8011 | 20141 | 2227 | 17914 | <0.0001 |
14.72 % | 18.31 % | 14.28 % | 55.51 % | 45.81 % | 57.01 % | ||
Black (n) | 5768 | 489 | 5279 | 3153 | 362 | 2791 | 0.0132 |
9.16 % | 7.09 % | 9.41 % | 8.69 % | 7.45 % | 8.88 % | ||
Female (n) | 3582 | 122 | 3460 | 1855 | 109 | 1746 | <0.0001 |
5.69 % | 1.77 % | 6.17 % | 5.11 % | 2.24 % | 5.56 % | ||
Age in years(mean) | 59.9 | 72.87 | 58.34 | 61.7 | 70.28 | 60.37 | <0.0001 |
(STD) | 16.12 | 11.2 | 15.9 | 14.1 | 11.55 | 14 | |
Time at risk (quarters) (mean) | 14.13 | 11.13 | 14.5 | 17.3 | 14.5 | 17.72 | <0.0001 |
(STD) | 7.63 | 6.11 | 7.7 | 6.64 | 5.8 | 6.65 |