Table 4 Characteristics of included studies reporting patient factors by date of investigation
Study Name | Patients/Filters | Design | Description | Inclusion Criteria | Exclusion Criteria | Intervention/Comparison | Control |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Stefanidis et al., 1995 [73] | 60 patients/270 filters | Retrospective Observational | Multivariate analysis of hematologic and hemostatic variables on filter life | N/A | N/A | Multivariate Analysis of filter life by underlying hemostatic factor | Controlling for other variables |
de Pont et al., 2000 [31] | 32 patients/12 filters | Randomised Double Blind Cross-over | Nadroparin vs Dalteparin Anticoagulation | CRRT indication | time limits on recent UFH, LMWH, bleeding, coagulopathy | Nadroparin | Dalteparin |
Ramesh Prasad et al., 2000 [53] | 34 patients/130 filters | RCT - Unblinded | Comparison of high blood flow with frequent saline flushes vs low blood flow and hourly flushes on filter life | All patients receiving CRRT | N/A | Qb 200-250Â ml/min & 30Â min flush | Qb 125Â ml/min & 60Â min flush |
Uchino et al., 2003 [96] | 48 patients/309 filters | Prospective Observational | Pre vs Post Dilution CVVH on Filter Life | 2/2001 to 7/2002. All CRRT surviving >24Â hours | N/A | Pre-dilution CVVH | Post Dilution CVVH |
Kutsogiannis et al., 2005 [33] | 31 patients/79 filters | Randomised Controlled Trial | Citrate vs Heparin for CRRT | age > 18 yr, AKI, CRRT | contra-indication to heparin/citrate, indication for systemic heparin | Antithrombin III activity, IU/mL | Summary - AT levels |
Bouman et al., 2006 [72] | 10 patients/10 filters | Prospective Observational | Pre-post blood sampling of clotting mediators | CRRT in ICU | coumarins,platelet inhibitors, UFH/LMWH, CRRT within timelimits of study; discontinuation of CVVH othan than clotting | Prothrombin Fragment F1 + 2 Elevation | No F1 + 2 Elevation |
du Cheyron et al., 2006 [35] | 78 patients/193 filters | Retrospective Cohort | Antithrombin administration vs Heparin | Septic shock, CRRT, 1/2001 to 12/2004 | Antithrombin cutoff parameters | Antithrombin administration | Heparin |
Lasocki et al., 2008 [74] | 28 patients/28 filters | Retrospective review | Anti-PF4/heparin antibodies & CRRT filter clotting | 11/2004 to 5/2006, frequent filter clotting, anti-PF4/heparin antibody presence | 0 | Danaparoid | Heparin/PF4 Antibodies |
Ghitescuet et al., 2009 [65] | 77 patients/77 filters | Retrospective Cohort | Correlation between sepsis and filter failure | CVVH patients, 7/2001 to 9/2005 | thrombocytopenia, bleeding < 24 hrs | Sepsis/Severe Sepsis | No Sepsis |
Oudemans-van Straaten et al., 2009 [34] | 14 patients/unclear | Randomised Cross-over Design | CVVH at 2Â L/4Â L flow effect on ant--Xa levels and coagulation | Adult, AKI, CRRT | High bleeding risk, HITS, indication for therapeutic anticoagulation | CVVH at 4Â L flow | CVVH at 2Â L flow |
Zick et al., 2009 [68] | 24 patients/98 filters | Prospective, observational study, non-randomised. | Citrate anticoagulation in liver failure: comparison of two groups stratifed by bilirubin | CRRT with anticoagulation to heparin or high risk of bleeding | N/A | bilirubin > 3 mg/dL | bilirubin < 3 mg/dL |
Kim et al. 2010 [63] | 30 patients/140 filters | Retrospective Observational | Circuit clotting due to mechanical failure | CRRT with femoral access | N/A | Mechanical Failure | Non-Mechanical Failure |
Kiser et al., 2010 [32] | 10 patients/40 filters | Prospective, randomized, double blind | Efficacy and Safety of bivalirudin vs heparin in CVVH | age > 18 yr, AKI, CRRT without anticoagulation, filter life <24 hr | contra-indication to heparin, bivalirudin, ESRF, IHD, pregnancy, aPC, prostacyclin, indication for therapeutic anticoagulation, active hemorrhage risk | Antithrombin III activity | Controlling for other variables |
Kim et al. 2011[37] | 50 patients / 341 circuits | Prospective, non-randomised, observational. | Insertion side, body position and circuit life | CRRT with femoral access | N/A | Anticoagulation | No Anticoagulation |
Kim et al. 2011 (b) [92] | 50 patients/341 circuits | Prospective, non-randomised, observational. | Niagara vs Dolphin Catheters for CRRT | CRRT with femoral access | N/A | Niagara 13.5Fr | Dolphin 13.5Fr |
Chua et al., 2012 [50] | 71 patients/539 filters | Retrospective Cohort | Circuit Life in Hepatic Failure with AKI | Age >18, Hepatic Failure, AKI, January 2006 to July 2011 | N/A | Multivariate Analysis | Controlling for other variables |
Saner et al., 2012 [102] | 68 patients/68 filters | Observational | Citrate in liver transplant recipients | Consecutive Liver transplant recipients 11/2004 to 9/2007, AKI | N/A | Septic | Non Septic |
Zhang et al., 2012 [64] | 54 patients/255 circuits | Prospective observational study, non-randomised. | Variables associated with circuit life span | Age > 18y, CVVH, ICU LOS > 72 hours | Pregnant, age >80, contra-indication to heparin, HITT, high bleeding risk | Multivariate Analysis | Controlling for other variables |
Brunner et al. 2013 [67] | 16 patients/37 filters | Prospective physican choice AT3/Heparin. Retrospective Analysis | CRRT in Hepatic Failure with AKI | Physician Choice | N/A | Antithrombin administration | Heparin |
Fealy et al. 2013 [93] | 46 patients/254 filters | Prospective Cohort | Comparison of Niagara & Medcomp catheters | CVVH | IHD | Medcomp 13.5Fr 24Â cm O-O | Niagara 13.5Fr 24Â cm D-D |
Hwang et al., 2013 [60] | 222 patients/1236 filters | Retrospective Cohort | Nefamostat vs Heparin | CRRT treated patients 1/2004 to 12/2008 | deceased within first filter use, paraquat poisoning | APTT (sec) | Controlling for other variables |
Dunn & Sriram, 2014 [23] | 355 patients/1332 | Retrospective Cohort | Patient and Treatment Variables on Filter Life | All CRRT 1/2008 to 8/2011 | N/A | Multivariate Analysis | Controlling for other variables |
Fu et al., 2014 [41] | 425 patients/425 filters | Prospective cohort | Prognostic model of circuit life | 1/2011 to 2/2013, CRRT, age > 18, CRRT > 24 hrs, available blood analysis | <72 hr post cardiac surgery, ECMO Rx | Multivariate Analysis | Controlling for other variables |
Wang et al. 2014 [36] | 34 patients/126 filters | Prospective Cohort Study | Effect of mobilisation on filter life | 8/2011 to 8/2012, CRRT, temporary vascular access | permanent vascular access, SLED | Filter Life in Mobilisation | Baseline Filter Life |
Choi et al., 2015 [30] | 60 patients/101 filters | Unblinded RCT | Nafamostat vs No Anticoagulation | CRRT, High bleeding risk | Pregnancy, Allergy to nafamostat, Hypercoagulable states | Nafamostat | No Anticoagulation |