Table 4 Cost-Effectiveness of Using the Bang et al. and Kshirsagar et al. Risk Scores to Identify Persons for CKD Screening
Screening Scenario | Means | ICER (2016 US $ per QALY) | |
|---|---|---|---|
Lifetime Costs (2016 US $) | Lifetime QALYs | ||
No screening | $139,200 | 21.349 | — |
Bang et al. risk score | |||
 1-year follow-up screening | |||
  Risk threshold = 0.20 | $139,945 (134,865, 147,248) | 21.366 (20.659, 21.915) | $43,791 per QALY |
  Risk threshold = 0.15 | $140,024 (135,020, 147,634) | 21.367 (20.660, 21.903) | $79,408 per QALY |
  Risk threshold = 0.10 | $140,152 (135,122, 147,313) | 21.370 (20.660, 21.931) | $42,645 per QALY |
  Risk threshold = 0.05 | $140,317 (134,909, 147,273) | 21.372 (20.664, 21.919) | $82,165 per QALY |
  Risk threshold = 0.02 | $140,566 (133,133, 145,052) | 21.374 (20.602, 21.826) | $124,626 per QALY |
 2-year follow-up screening | |||
  Risk threshold = 0.20 | $139,783 (135,227, 147,465) | 21.363 (20.688, 21.912) | $41,594 per QALY |
  Risk threshold = 0.15 | $139,820 (135,201, 147,212) | 21.365 (20.664, 21.888) | $18,749 per QALY |
  Risk threshold = 0.10 | $139,880 (135,064, 147,565) | 21.368 (20.652, 21.938) | $19,852 per QALY |
  Risk threshold = 0.05 | $139,939 (134,902, 147,208) | 21.370 (20.655, 21.904) | $29,778 per QALY |
  Risk threshold = 0.02 | $139,997 (135,199, 147,283) | 21.373 (20.666, 21.923) | $19,116 per QALY |
 5-year follow-up screening | |||
  Risk threshold = 0.20 | $139,708 (135,002, 147,573) | 21.361 (20.686, 21.898) | $42,277 per QALY |
  Risk threshold = 0.15 | $139,749 (135,108, 147,277) | 21.363 (20.666, 21.890) | $20,403 per QALY |
  Risk threshold = 0.10 | $139,775 (135,303, 147,168) | 21.366 (20.649, 21.925) | $8,823 per QALY |
  Risk threshold = 0.05 | $139,820 (134,826, 147,093) | 21.368 (20.647, 21.917) | $22,609 per QALY |
  Risk threshold = 0.02 | $139,852 (134,968, 147,288) | 21.371 (20.644, 21.924) | $10,662 per QALY |
  Kshirsagar et al. risk score |  |  |  |
 1-year follow-up screening | |||
  Risk threshold = 0.20 | $140,073 (135,007, 147,383) | 21.366 (20.682, 21.915) | $51,316 per QALY |
  Risk threshold = 0.15 | $140,179 (135,241, 147,683) | 21.369 (20.664, 21.901) | $35,292 per QALY |
  Risk threshold = 0.10 | $140,432 (135,483, 147,257) | 21.371 (20.684, 21.916) | $126,832 per QALY |
  Risk threshold = 0.05 | $140,657 (135,057, 147,402) | 21.374 (20.648, 21.939) | $74,996 per QALY |
  Risk threshold = 0.02 | $141,063 (135,111, 147,469) | 21.375 (20.660, 21.946) | $405,861 per QALY |
 2-year follow-up screening | |||
  Risk threshold = 0.20 | $139,807 (134,840, 147,579) | 21.363 (20.634, 21.916) | $43,328 per QALY |
  Risk threshold = 0.15 | $139,848 (135,096, 147,115) | 21.367 (20.658, 21.929) | $10,202 per QALY |
  Risk threshold = 0.10 | $139,980 (135,162, 147,227) | 21.370 (20.657, 21.899) | $44,115 per QALY |
  Risk threshold = 0.05 | $140,022 (135,378, 147,369) | 21.373 (20.708, 21.909) | $13,970 per QALY |
  Risk threshold = 0.02 | $140,131 (134,999, 147,385) | 21.374 (20.689, 21.918) | $109,186 per QALY |
 5-year follow-up screening | |||
  Risk threshold = 0.20 | $139,705 (135,092, 147,340) | 21.361 (20.670, 21.893) | $42,001 per QALY |
  Risk threshold = 0.15 | $139,744 (135,192, 147,309) | 21.365 (20.659, 21.917) | $9,926 per QALY |
  Risk threshold = 0.10 | $139,828 (135,188, 147,368) | 21.367 (20.704, 21.887) | $41,910 per QALY |
  Risk threshold = 0.05 | $139,853 (134,908, 147,298) | 21.371 (20.651, 21.947) | $6,342 per QALY |
  Risk threshold = 0.02 | $139,879 (134,675, 147,422) | 21.372 (20.653, 21.925) | $25,366 per QALY |