Author year | Cohort age a | Sample size | ACEI/ARBs (%) | Other therapies (%) e |
---|---|---|---|---|
Mainland China | ||||
Wen 2021 [29] | 32.7 ± 11.1 (Male); 34.7 ± 10.8 (Female) | 1096 | 38 | Steroid (36.1), immunosuppressant (25.9) |
Zhu 2021 [32] | 35.5 ± 9.1 | 102 | 78.4 | Steroid (100), tonsillectomy (27.5), intravenous methylprednisolone (15.7), plasma exchange (8.8) |
Liu 2020 [28] | 37.76 ± 12.1 | 246 | 69.1 | CTX + steroid (55.7), steroid (52.8) |
Tian 2020 [26] | 33.8 ± 11.6 | 172 | 55.8 | Steroid (32.6), steroid + immunosuppressant (9.9), immunosuppressant (7.6) |
Zhou 2017 [15] | 36 (28–43) b | 375 | 66.7 | Calcium channel blockers (29.1), corticosteroid (20), β-blocker (14.9), allopurinol (6.7), α-blocker (3.7), immunosuppressant (1.6), diuretics (0.8) |
Le 2011 [42] | 30.6 ± 9.4 | 1126 | 90 | Tripterygium glycosides (72), other immunosuppressants (13.5), prednisolone (10) |
Japan | ||||
Miyabe 2021 [62] O-grade I c | 30 (24–42) | 260 | 25 | Steroid + immunosuppressant (30) |
Miyabe 2021 [62] O-grade II c | 30 (24–40) | 525 | 35 | Steroid + immunosuppressant (54) |
Miyabe 2021 [62] O-grade III c | 34.5 (27–46.3) | 86 | 49 | Steroid + immunosuppressant (74) |
Kaihan 2017 [60] (n = 86) | 36 (26–46) | 86 | 84 | Steroid (66), tonsillectomy (33), immunosuppressant (8) |
Oshima 2015 [58] 20–39 years | 27 (23–32) | 162 | 30.5 | Antiplatelet agents (55), steroid (37.8), tonsillectomy + steroid (18.7), immunosuppressant (2.5), tonsillectomy (1.7) |
Oshima 2015 [58] 40–59 years | 47 (43–52) | 162 | 59 | Antiplatelet agents (68.9), steroid (30.4), tonsillectomy + steroid (13.7), immunosuppressant (2.5), tonsillectomy (1.9) |
Oshima 2015 [58] ≥ 60 years | 64.5 (62–69) | 31 | 67.7 | Antiplatelet agents (58.1), steroid (51.6), immunosuppressant (3.2) |
Sato 2015 [57] | 42 (range, 18–73) | 198 | 60.6 | Steroid (59.1), immunosuppressant (59.1), tonsillectomy (1) |
Moriyama 2014 [56] | 33 ± 12 | 1,102 | 28.9 | Antiplatelet agents (59.3), steroid (26.9), tonsillectomy + steroids (11.7%), tonsillectomy (1.5), steroid + immunosuppressant (1.5) |
Matsuzaki 2013 [54] | NR | 284 | 99.6 | Antiplatelet agents (96.8), tonsillectomy + steroids (66.2), steroid pulse monotherapy (56), oral steroid (54.9%) |
Goto 2009 [50] | 32.1 (20.7–46.9) | 2283 | 28.2 | Steroid (34.5), immunosuppressant (10.6) |
South Korea | ||||
Kee 2017 [71] | 38.5 ± 13.1 | 574 | 83.4 | Steroid (18.5), immunosuppressant (4) |
Lee 2013 [68] d | 35 (26–46) | 1009 | 70.7 | Steroid (12.4), immunosuppressant (3.4) |
Lee 2010 [64] | 38.1 | 177 | 27.7 | ACEI/ARB + steroid (33.9), steroid (28.8), no treatment (8.5) |