Variable of interest | No COVID-19 Detected N = 302 | COVID − 19 Detected N = 142 | OR (95% CI) | p value | COVID − 19 Hospitalisation N = 54** | OR (95%CI) | p value | COVID-19 Death N = 10*** | OR 95% CI | p value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age^, median (IQR) | 59 (20) | 54 (20) | < 0.001 | 60 (18) | < 0.001 | 64.5 (14) | 0.017 | |||
Male Sex (%) | 172 (57) | 95 (67) | 1.5 (1.01–2.32) | 0.046 | 38 (70) | 1.3 (0.62–2.68) | 0.49 | 7 (70) | 1.2 (0.29–4.73) | 1.0* |
BMI^, median (IQR)∼ | 26.6 (8) | 27.0 (8) | 0.30 | 28.0 (7) | 0.67 | 28.2 (11) | 0.29 | |||
Place of birth | 0.006 | 0.003 | 0.90 | |||||||
Australia and New Zealand | 131 (43) | 48 (34) | 10 (19) | 2 (20) | ||||||
Pacific Islander | 16 (5) | 17 (12) | 13 24) | 1 (10) | ||||||
Asia | 67 (22) | 39 (28) | 14 (26) | 4 (40) | ||||||
North/South America | 13 (4) | 3 (2) | 2 (4) | 2 (20) | ||||||
Middle East/Africa | 33 (11) | 24 (17) | 10 (19) | 0 (0) | ||||||
Europe | 42 (14) | 11 (8) | 5 (9) | 1 (10) | ||||||
Place of Birth | ||||||||||
- Pacific Islander | 16 (5) | 17 (12) | 2.4 (1.12–4.97) | 0.012 | 13 (24) | 6.7 (2.04–21.70) | < 0.001 | 1 (10) | 0.8 (0.10–6.79) | 1.0* |
Interpreter required | 78 (26) | 41 (29) | 1.2 (0.75–1.82) | 0.50 | 17 (32) | 1.2 (0.58–2.58) | 0.59 | 5 (50) | 2.7 (0.73–9.76) | 0.13 |
Smoking status ∼ | ||||||||||
Never | 183 (61) | 94 (66) | 0.9 (0.56- | 0.46 | 32 (60) | 1.6 (0.79- | 0.18 | 2 (20) | 8.3 (1.64- | 0.006* |
Former and Current | 105 (35) | 46 (33) | 1.31) | 21 (40) | 3.34) | 7 (78) | 41.53) | |||
CO-MORBIDITIES (%) | ||||||||||
Hypertension | 256 (85) | 120 (85) | 1.0 (0.56–1.70) | 0.94 | 45 (83) | 0.9 (0.34–2.19) | 0.76 | 8 (80) | 0.7 (0.14–3.61) | 0.65* |
Diabetes | 149 (49) | 72 (51) | 1.1 (0.71–1.57) | 0.79 | 34 (63) | 2.2 (1.12–4.48) | 0.022 | 8 (80) | 4.3 (0.87–20.77) | 0.097* |
Cardiac Disease | 79 (26) | 42 (30) | 1.2 (0.76–1.85) | 0.45 | 21 (39) | 2.0 (0.97–4.23) | 0.057 | 4 (40) | 1.6 (0.44–6.17) | 0.48* |
Respiratory Disease | 67 (22) | 22 (16) | 0.6 (0.38–1.09) | 0.10 | 11 (20) | 1.8 (0.72–4.47) | 0.21 | 5 (50) | 6.8 (1.77–25.84) | 0.002 |
Peripheral vascular disease | 15 (5) | 7 (5) | 1.0 (0.40–2.50) | 0.99 | 6 (11) | 10.9 (1.27-93.00) | 0.012* | 3 (30) | 13.7 (2.56–73.52) | 0.008* |
Neurological disease | 78 (26) | 28 (20) | 0.7 (0.43–1.15) | 0.16 | 12 (22) | 1.3 (0.56–2.98) | 0.56 | 3 (30) | 1.8 (0.40–7.60) | 0.41* |
Haematological disease | 46 (15) | 19 (13) | 0.9 (0.48–1.53) | 0.61 | 6 (11) | 0.7 (0.26–2.03) | 0.53 | 2 (20) | 1.7 (0.33–8.64) | 0.62* |
Liver disease | 25 (8) | 10 (7) | 0.8 (0.39–1.80) | 0.65 | 5 (9) | 1.7 (0.47–6.15) | 0.42 | 0 | - | 1.00* |
Chronic Hepatitis B | 11 (4) | 7 (5) | 1.4 (0.52–3.62) | 0.52 | 4 (7) | 2.3 (0.49–10.54) | 0.43* | 0 | - | 1.00* |
Hepatitis C | 2 (1) | 3 (2) | 3.2 (0.54–19.60) | 0.33* | 0 | - | 0.29* | 0 | - | 1.00* |
Autoimmune disease | 33 (11) | 12 (9) | 0.8 (0.38–1.51) | 0.42 | 4 (7) | 0.8 (0.23–2.80) | 1.0* | 1 (10) | 1.2 (0.14–10.56) | 0.60* |
Current Malignancy | 27 (9) | 6 (4) | 0.4 (0.18–1.11) | 0.087 | 0 | - | 0.083* | 0 | 1.00* | |
Egfr start, Mean (SD) # | 58 (21.4) | 53 (22.6) | 0.016 | 45.3 (19.7) | < 0.001 | 48 (22.5) | 0.43 | |||
RENAL FAILURE HISTORY | ||||||||||
Dialysis modality ∼ | ||||||||||
Peritoneal Dialysis | 90 (30) | 29 (21) | 0.15 | 7 (13) | 0.018 | 1 (10) | 0.25 | |||
Haemodialysis | 116 (39) | 58 (41) | 30 (57) | 7 (70) | ||||||
Both | 66 (22) | 41 (29) | 14 (26) | 1 (10) | ||||||
Pre-emptive | 25 (8) | 13 (9) | 2 (4) | 1 (10) | ||||||
Dialysis Modality ∼ | ||||||||||
HD | 116 (38) | 58 (41) | 1.1 (0.74–1.66) | 0.62 | 30 (56) | 2.7 (1.33- | 0.005 | 7 (70) | 3.7 (0.92- | 0.091* |
Other | 186 (62) | 84 (59) | 24 (44) | 5.39) | 3 (30) | 14.99) | ||||
Modality change | 5 (2) | 3 (2) | 1.2 (0.30–5.44) | 0.72* | 2 (2) | 0.8(0.07–9.17) | 1.00* | 0 | - | 1.0* |
Primary Cause of Renal Failure | ||||||||||
Glomerulonephritis | 152 (50) | 70(49) | 0.31 | 20 (37) | 0.087 | 4 (40) | 0.88 | |||
Diabetes | 37 (12) | 29 (20) | 17 (32) | 3 (30) | ||||||
ADPCKD | 33 (11) | 14 (10) | 4 (7) | 1(10) | ||||||
Obstructive Uropathy | 26 (9) | 10 (7) | 4 (7) | 1 (10) | ||||||
Hypertension | 25 (8) | 9 (6) | 5 (9.3) | 1 (10) | ||||||
Other | 29 (10) | 10 (7) | 4 (7.4) | 0 (0) | ||||||
TRANSPLANT | ||||||||||
Transplant Timing | ||||||||||
Other | 277 (92) | 129 (91) | 1.1 (0.55–2.25) | 0.76 | 52 (96) | 0.3(0.06- | 0.13* | 9 (90) | 1.1 (0.13- | 1.0* |
Pre Emptive | 25 (8) | 13 (9) | 2 (4) | 1.27) | 1 (10) | 9.53) | ||||
Donor Type ∼ | ||||||||||
Live | 90 (30) | 39 (27) | 1.2 (0.74–1.81) | 0.51 | 5 (9) | 6.2 (2.24- | < 0.001 | 2 (20) | 0.6 (0.32- | 0.72* |
Deceased | 205 (68) | 103 (73) | 49 (91) | 17.03) | 8 (80) | 7.68) | ||||
Number of transplants | ||||||||||
1 | 290 (96) | 139 (98) | 1.9 (0.53–6.90) | 0.41* | 52 (96) | 0.3 (0.03- | 0.56* | 10 (100) | 1.0* | |
2 or 3 | 12 (4) | 3 (2) | 2 (4) | 3.38) | 0 (0) | |||||
Mismatches∼ | ||||||||||
0–1 | 20 (7) | 8 (6) | 0.40 | 2 (4) | 0.71 | 0 | 0.53 | |||
2–3 | 65 (22) | 29 (20) | 11 (24) | 3 (38) | ||||||
4–6 | 138 (46) | 83 (58) | 33 (72) | 5 (63) | ||||||
Transplant vintage months, median (IQR) ^ | 75.5 (115) | 54.5 (96) | 0.003 | 55.5 (113) | 0.73 | 81.5 (119) | 0.52 | |||
MEDICATIONS | ||||||||||
Prednisolone | 274 (91) | 137 (97) | 2.8 (1.06–7.41) | 0.031 | 51 (94) | 0.4 (0.06–2.45) | 0.37 | 10 (100) | - | 1.00* |
Prednisolone (mg/day) median (IQR) | 5.0 (5) | 6.0 (5) | 0.008 | 7.0 (5) | 0.80 | 5 (3) | 0.061 | |||
MMF | 245 (81) | 111 (78) | 0.8 (0.51–1.36) | 0.47 | 41 (76) | 0.8 (0.36–1.83) | 0.61 | 7 (70) | 0.6 (0.15–2.59) | 0.46* |
MMF (mg/day) # mean (SD) | 1166 (493) | 1244 (499) | 0.17 | 1094 (416) | 0.015 | 1411 (342) | 0.36 | |||
Tacrolimus | 206 (68) | 115 (81) | 2.0 (1.22–3.22) | 0.005 | 43 (80) | 0.9 (0.37–2.04) | 0.75 | 6 (60) | 0.3 (0.08–1.21) | 0.096* |
Tac level (ng/ml) ^, Median (IQR) | 6.1 (3) | 6.4 (3) | 0.33 | 7.1 (4) | 0.31 | 7.9 (2) | 0.16 | |||
Ciclosporin | 35 (12) | 8 (6) | 0.5 (0.21–1.01) | 0.048 | 4 (7) | 1.7 (0.40–7.02) | 0.48* | 1 (10) | 2.0 (0.22–17.94) | 0.45* |
CYA level (ng/ml)^ median (IQR) | 85.0 (154) | 263.0 (360) | 0.023 | 314.0 (651) | 0.86 | - | 1.0 | |||
Any CNI | 241 (80) | 123 (87) | 1.7 (0.94–2.87) | 0.081 | 47 (87) | 1.1 (0.39–2.88) | 0.91 | 7 (70) | 0.3 (0.08–1.37) | 0.13* |
Everolimus | 28 (9) | 14 (10) | 1.1 (0.55–2.10) | 0.84 | 5 (9) | 0.9 (0.28–2.83) | 0.85 | 1 (10) | 1.0 (0.12–8.68) | 1.0* |
Everolimus level (ng/ml (# mean (SD) | 5.2 (2.0) | 5.5 (1.3) | 0.67 | 5.5 (1.5) | 0.98 | 4.0(-) | 0.25 | |||
Sirolimus | 19 (6) | 3 (2) | 0.3 (0.09–1.11) | 0.058 | 1 (2.0) | 0.8 (0.07–9.17) | 1.00* | 0 | - | 1.0* |
Sirolimus level (ng/ml) # mean (SD) | 6.1 (1.4) | 4.5 (2.2) | 0.12 | - | 0.16 | - | - | |||
Any mTOR | 47 (16) | 17 (12) | 0.7 (0.41–1.34) | 0.32 | 6 (11) | 0.9 (0.30–2.52) | 0.81 | 1 (10) | 0.8 (0.10–6.79) | 1.0* |
Azathioprine | 8 (6) | 31 (10) | 0.5 (0.23–1.17) | 0.11 | 3 (6) | 1.0 (0.22–4.26) | 1.0* | 1 (10) | 1.9 (0.22–17.94) | 0.45* |
Azathioprine dose (mg/day) # mean (SD) | 85 (36.2) | 75 (42.3) | 0.49 | 75 (43.3) | 1.0 | - | 0.23 | |||
ATG | 29 (10) | 17 (12) | 1.2 (0.68–2.42) | 0.45 | 5 (9) | 0.6 (0.21–1.95) | 0.44 | 0 (0) | 0.61* | |
Time to ATG (years) ^, median(IQR) | 3.0 (7) | 2.0 (5) | 0.14 | 6.0 (7) | 0.027 | 0 (0) | - | |||
Use of any Blood Thinner | 98 (33) | 37 (26) | 0.7 (0.47–1.15) | 0.17 | 20 (37) | 2.5 (1.14–5.28) | 0.020 | 4 (40) | 2.0 (0.53–7.53) | 0.29* |
VACCINATION HISTORY | ||||||||||
Vaccination∼ | ||||||||||
0–2 Doses | 53 (18) | 43 (30) | 0.5 (0.31–0.79) | 0.003 | 19 (35.2) | 0.7 (0.33- | 0.32 | 6 (60.0) | 0.3 | 0.067* |
3–4 Doses | 245 (81) | 99 (70) | 35 (64.8) | 1.43) | 4 (40.0) | (0.070–0.97) | ||||
Seroconversion∼∼ | 24 (40.0) | 3 (13) | 0.2 (0.06–0.84) | 0.020* | 0 | - | 0.53 | - | - | |
COVID-19 THERAPIES | ||||||||||
Sotrovimab | - | 62 (44) | - | - | 19 (35.2) | 0.6 (0.28–1.14) | 0.11 | 0 | 0.005* | |
Time to sotrovimab (days) median (IQR) ^ | - | 1 (3) | - | - | 1 (3) | 0.88 | ||||
Molpurinovir | - | 11 (8) | - | - | 2 (4) | 0.3 (0.07–1.63) | 0.21* | 0 | 1.00* |