Association of blood pressure with decline in renal function and time until the start of renal replacement therapy in pre-dialysis patients: a cohort study

Table 1 Demographic, anthropometric, and clinical characteristics at baseline for the total study population and stratified for reaching the blood pressure treatment target goal

	All n = 508	Below target^Δ n = 58	Above target^Δ n = 450
Age (years)	63 (50-73)	55 (45-71)	64 (50-73)
Sex (% men)	57	57	56
Caucasian (%)	97	97	96
BMI (kg/m²)*	26 ± 5	25 ± 4	26 ± 5
Smokers/quitters < 1 year before inclusion (%)	56	50	57
Primary kidney disease (%)
Diabetes mellitus	17	16	17
Glomerulonephritis	10	14	9
Interstitial nephritis	16	17	15
Renal vascular disease/nephrosclerosis	23	17	23
Baseline eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m²)^†	13.1 ± 5.8	14.0 ± 6.0	13.0 ± 5.7
Proteinuria (g/24 h)^‡	2.0 (0.7-3.9)	1.1 (0.6-2.9)	2.2 (0.8-4.0)
Hemoglobin (g/dl)^§	11.3 ± 1.6	11.4 ± 1.8	11.3 ± 1.6
Co-morbidities (%)
Anemia^·	47	46	47
Cardiovascular disease^γ	36	28	37
Diabetes mellitus	27	24	27
Malignancy	11	10	11
Referral to pre-dialysis care by nephrologist (%)	76	78	76

Median with boundaries of interquartile range (IQR) is given for age and proteinuria and for the other continuous variables mean ± standard deviation (SD) is given. ^Δ Below the target was defined as SBP < 130 and DBP < 80 mmHg and above the target as SBP ≥ 130 and/or DBP ≥ 80 mmHg. * Available for 472 patients. ^† estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) calculated with the abbreviated Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) formula and available for 445 patients. ^‡ Available for 405 patients. ^§ Available for 444 patients. ^· Defined as a hemoglobin level < 11 g/dl. ^γ Defined as the presence of angina pectoris, coronary disease, and/or myocardial infarction.

ISSN: 1471-2369