Table 1 Characteristics of the participants by status of ocular fundus examination.

Age (year)

67.9 ± 11.4

48.8 ± 14.7

<0.001

69.2 ± 9.9

<0.001

Male (%)

67.2

59.8

<0.001

68.3

<0.001

BMI (kg/m²)

25.0 ± 3.4

24.3 ± 3.4

<0.001

25.2 ± 3.4

<0.001

Hypertension (%)

60.0

23.3

<0.001

63.8

<0.001

Diabetes (%)

20.2

7.3

<0.001

21.5

<0.001

Cardiovascular disease (%)

14.4

3.3

<0.001

15.7

<0.001

LDL-cholesterol (mg/dL)

3.0 ± 0.8

2.9 ± 0.8

<0.001

3.0 ± 0.8

<0.001

HDL-cholesterol (mg/dL)

1.4 ± 0.3

1.3 ± 0.3

0.56

1.34 ± 0.3

0.57

Triglycerides (mg/dL)

1.6 ± 1.1

1.6 ± 1.3

0.02

1.7 ± 1.0

0.02

Plasma UA (mg/dL)

5.8 ± 1.5

5.5 ± 1.5

<0.001

5.8 ± 1.5

<0.001

eGFR (mL/min/1.73m²)

81.9 ± 15.3

98.0 ± 16.2

<0.001

81.0 ± 14.6

<0.001

eGFR<60 mL/min/1.73m² (%)

9.1

2.3

<0.001

9.0

<0.001

Proteinuria (%)

14.8

10.2

<0.001

15.6

<0.001

Chronic kidney disease (%)

21.0

11.9

<0.001

21.7

<0.001