Table 8 Relative changes from baseline in V, C_H2O, u-AQP2_CR, u-osm, u-cAMP, u-PGE₂, and s-osm in response to a hypertonic saline infusion (3%, 7 ml kg^-1) in 21 patients with essential hypertension and 20 normotensive controls during HS and LS intake

ΔV (%)

HS

Patients

-37.9 (-52.8; -23.0)

-48.8 (-61.7; -35.9)

-57.9 (-67.4; -48.3)

P = 0.212

Controls

-50.1 (-60.4; -39.8)

-63.5 (-71.3; -55.7)§

-58.9 (-67.3; -50.4)

LS

Patients

-43.6 (-62.7; -24.6)

-60.5 (-77.9; -43.0)

-59.9 (-70.2; -49.6)

P = 0.487

Controls

-55.9 (-69.2; -42.6)

-70.6 (-82.0; -59.3)

-62.4 (-74.4; -50.4)

ΔC _H2O (%)

HS

Patients

-111.0 (-130.7; -91.3)§

-152.7 (-174.3; -131.1)§

-142.5 (-158.4; -126.6)§

P = 0.715

Controls

-130.3 (-161.7; -100.0)§

-164.7 (-227.2; -102.1)

-141.5 (-238.4; -44.5)

LS

Patients

-78.5 (-102.0; -55.0)

-112.1 (-135.8; -88.3)

-113.4 (-128.0; -98.8)

P = 0.519

Controls

-90.9 (-103.7; -78.1)

-121.8 (-131.3; -112.2)

-112.5 (-125.5; -99.5)

Δu-AQP2 _CR (%)

HS

Patients

35.0 (23.2; 46.7)*

46.2 (30.5; 61.9)*

31.9 (22.1; 41.7)*

P = 0.005

Controls

6.1 (-4.5; 16.8)

22.2 (7.1; 37.4)§

12.6 (1.5; 23.8)

LS

Patients

45.9 (10.0; 81.9)*

50.1 (17.0; 83.1)*

41.2 (15.8; 66.6)*

P = 0.019

Controls

-1.1 (-13.5; 11.3)

6.7 (-6.2; 19.6)

3.0 (-5.5; 11.6)

Δu-osm (%)

HS

Patients

134.7 (88.4; 181.0)

232.7 (168.4; 297.1)§

228.6 (164.1; 293.1)§

P = 0.757

Controls

125.5 (97.1; 153.9)

235.5 (179.0; 292.0)§

197.6 (142.1; 253.1)§

LS

Patients

146.6 (103.6; 189.7)

315.3 (232.1; 398.5)

287.6 (211.8; 363.4)

P = 0.661

Controls

141.6 (103.2; 180.0)

362.0 (252.9; 471.1)

297.4 (206.2; 388.6)

Δu-cAMP (%)

HS

Patients

-6.4 (-18.7; 5.9)

-12.9 (-21.6; -4.1)

-16.4 (-25.6; -7.3)

P = 0.178

Controls

5.9 (-7.2; 19.0)

-10.7 (-23.8; 2.5)§

-6.4 (-14.3; 1.4)

LS

Patients

-3.0 (-12.3; 6.3)

-12.5 (-25.6; 0.6)

-13.6 (-22.8; -4.4)

P = 0.256

Controls

-13.0 (-27.9; 2.0)

-28.6 (-44.7; -12.6)

-13.9 (-26.2; -1.7)

Δu-PGE ₂ (%)

HS

Patients

11.1 (-70.9; 93.1)

-20.8 (-39.4; -2.1)

-46.3 (-56.4; -36.1)

P = 0.410

Controls

-22.0 (-33.2; -10.8)

-34.6 (-44.3; -24.9)

-43.4 (-50.6; -36.3)

LS

Patients

-9.4 (-38.2; 19.3)

-38.0 (-63.4; -12.6)

-40.9 (-59.3; -22.4)

P = 0.689

Controls

-16.1 (-34.4; 2.1)

-45.0 (-56.3; -33.7)

-41.6 (-51.1; -32.2)

Δs-osm (%)

HS

Patients

2.4 (2.0; 2.9)

1.2 (0.8; 1.6)§

0.0 (-0.4; 0.3)§

P = 0.671

Controls

2.2 (1.9; 2.5)

0.9 (0.6; 1.2)§

0.1 (-0.3; 0.6)§

LS

Patients

2.7 (2.3; 3.1)

2.0 (1.5; 2.5)

0.9 (0.4; 1.4)

P = 0.215

Controls

2.5 (2.2; 2.8)

1.6 (1.2; 1.9)

0.7 (0.4; 1.0)