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Table 1 The baseline clinical characteristics of the patients

From: Hypertension resistant to antihypertensive agents commonly occurs with the progression of diabetic nephropathy in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a prospective observational study

 

%/Mean±SD

Number estimated (%)

Age (years)

63 ± 12

2018 (100)

Men

62

2018 (100)

Duration of diabetes mellitus (years)

9.4 ± 9.8

1723 (85)

Current plus past smoking

59

1585 (79)

Drinkers #

42

1671 (83)

Treatment for diabetes mellitus

 

2018 (100)

Diet only/OHA/insulin/GLP-1 analogue

17/56/27/0

 

Body mass index (kg/m2)

24.9 ± 4.3

1995 (99)

Obesity ##

44

1995 (99)

Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)

139 ± 21

2018 (100)

Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)

80 ± 14

2018 (100)

Hypertension

70

2018 (100)

Number of antihypertensive agents

1.6 ± 1.2

1420 (70)

Control of blood pressure

 

2018 (100)

Category 1

31

629

Category 2

4

90

Category 3

20

407

Category 4

44

892

HbA1c (%)

8.5 ± 2.2

1887 (94)

Glycoalbumin (%)

24.7 ± 8.4

206 (10)

Estimated GFR (mL/min/1.73 m2)

55 ± 20

2018 (100)

  1. OHA: oral hypoglycemic agents, GFR: glomerular filtration rate.
  2. # Drinkers were defined as those who consumed more than 20 g/day of ethanol.
  3. ## Obesity was considered to be present in individuals with a body mass index ≥ 25 kg/m2.