Table 1 Clinical and laboratory characteristics of the study population including healthy volunteers and maintenance hemodialysis patients

Clinical Characteristics

Gender (M/F)

13/7

27/33

0.121

14/16

13/17

0.795

Age (range), years

38 ± 8 (27–57)

50 ± 15 (18–82)

<0.001

47 ± 15 (25–82)

52 ± 15 (18–76)

0.226

BMI (kg/m²)

24.4 ± 2.7

24.1 ± 4.3

0.766

23.3 ± 3.3

24.9 ± 5.0

0.145

Systolic BP (mm Hg)

113 ± 10

119 ± 17

0.231

118 ± 18

121 ±20

0.562

Diastolic BP (mm Hg)

71 ± 8

74 ± 16

0.378

73 ± 19

76 ± 14

0.441

Time on HD (months)

-

80 ± 51

-

92 ± 58

68 ± 42

0.072

Diabetes, n (%)

-

2 (3.3%)

-

1 (3.3%)

1 (3.3%)

-

Laboratory data

WBC count, 10⁹ cells/L

6.8 ± 1.4

6.6 ± 2.1

0.766

6.27 ± 2.18

6.91 ± 2.09

0.293

Haemoglobin (g/dL)

14.0 ± 1.4

11.7 ± 1.4

<0.001

11.6 ± 1.5

11.7 ± 1.5

0.786

Haematocrit (%)

40.9 ± 3.9

34.6 ± 4.5

<0.001

34.1 ± 5.1

34.7 ± 4.6

0.855

Fasting glucose (mg/dL)

80.7 ± 6.7

88.6 ± 16.0

0.004

89.2 ± 18.3

88.2 ± 14.6

0.830

Serum creatinine (mg/dL)

0.87 ± 0.19

8.81 ± 2.08

<0.001

8.50 ± 2.26

9.06 ± 1.87

0.317

Total cholesterol (mg/dL)

179 ± 44

165 ± 41

0.170

157 ± 38

170 ± 42

0.235

HDL-cholesterol (mg/dL)

36 ± 12

36 ± 12

0.874

38 ± 13

35 ± 11

0.298

LDL-cholesterol (mg/dL)

110 ± 33

91 ± 33

0.039

86 ± 28

94 ± 36

0.374

Triglycerides (mg/dL)

134 ± 61

185 ± 103

0.040

159 ± 65

205 ± 122

0.080

Albumin (g/dL)

4.51 ± 0.40

4.00 ± 0.41

<0.001

3.90 ± 0.46

4.10 ± 0.35

0.078

ALT (U/L)

28.9 ± 18.5

18.2 ± 14.5

0.021

24.8 ± 17.0

13.5 ± 10.3

0.011

Calcium (mg/dL)

9.2 ± 0.4

8.8 ± 0.8

0.027

9.0 ± 0.9

8.7 ± 0.8

0.226

Phosphorus (mg/dL)

3.3 ± 0.4

5.3 ± 1.3

<0.001

5.5 ± 1.4

5.3 ± 1.1

0.577