Haplotype association analysis of genes within the WNT signalling pathways in diabetic nephropathy

BMC Nephrology

Table 2 Clinical characteristics of the genotyped diabetic nephropathy (DN) cases and diabetic controls

Characteristic	DN Case (n = 700)	Control (n = 732)
Male; n (%)	405 (57.8%)	306 (41.8%)
Age at diagnosis of T1D (yr)	14.7 ± 7.6	15.4 ± 7.9
Duration of T1D (yr)^a	33 ± 9.3	28.1 ± 9
HbA1c (%)^b	9 ± 1.9	8.6 ± 1.5
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)^b	144.9 ± 20.9	125.1 ± 14.8
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)^b	81.5 ± 11.4	75.5 ± 7.7
Body mass index (kg/m²)	26.3 ± 4.8	26.1 ± 4.2
Serum cholesterol (mmol/L)	5.3 ± 1.2	5.1 ± 0.9
Serum creatinine (umol/L)^c; median (interquartile range)	130 (102–182.5)	92 (78.8 - 105)
Glomerular filtration rate (ml/min/1.73m²)^c; median (interquartile range)	47.8 (33.6 - 66.2)	70 (59.3 - 85.5)
End-stage renal disease n (%)	186 (26.6%)	NA

Unless otherwise stated values are mean ± standard deviation.
^aCalculated from the dates of diagnosis and recruitment.
^bAverage of the three most recent values prior to recruitment.
^cExcludes subjects receiving renal replacement therapy (dialysis or transplant).
P < 0.05 for age at diagnosis; P <0.001 for all other comparisons except body mass index.
T1D = type 1 diabetes.

ISSN: 1471-2369