Table 1 Baseline characteristics of 673 Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes stratified by the onset of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) after a median follow up period of 8 years
Subjects without DKD at baseline and 8 year | Subjects with DKD at baseline and 8-year | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
Number | 554 | 119 | |
Clinical features | |||
Age (years) | 56 | 64 | <0.001b |
(47 to 63) | (58 to 69) | ||
Male sex | 39.7% (220) | 47.9% (57) | 0.100a |
Age of onset (years) | 45 | 53 | <0.001b |
(38–55) | (45–60) | ||
Duration of diabetes (years) | 9 | 10 | 0.032b |
(2 to 13) | (6 to 13) | ||
Smoking | 0.003a | ||
Ex smokers | 31.8% (176) | 20.2% (24) | |
Current smokers | 9.7% (54) | 20.2% (24) | |
BMI (kg/m2) | 24.7 | 25.2 | 0.160b |
(22.3 to 27.0) | (22.7 to 27.2) | ||
Waist circumference (cm) Men | 88.0 | 89.0 | 0.325b |
(83.0 to 92.8) | (84.0 to 96.0) | ||
Waist circumference (cm) Women | 83.0 | 85.0 | 0.109b |
(77.0 to 89.0) | (77.8 to 93.0) | ||
Waist to hip ratio | 0.88 | 0.91 | <0.001b |
(0.84 to 0.92) | (0.87 to 0.96) | ||
Systolic BP (mmHg) | 132 | 156 | <0.001b |
(120 to 145) | (140 to 171) | ||
Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 77 | 83 | <0.001b |
(70 to 85) | (76 to 93) | ||
Laboratory data | |||
HbA1c (%) | 7.5 | 7.6 | 0.919b |
(6.7 to 8.7) | (6.6 to 8.8) | ||
Fasting plasma glucose (mmol/L) | 7.9 | 8.3 | 0.849b |
(6.5 to 10.5) | (6.2 to 10.1) | ||
LDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 3.20 | 3.70 | 0.008b |
(2.70 to 3.90) | (2.80 to 4.38) | ||
HDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 1.20 | 1.11 | <0.001b |
(1.00 to 1.50) | (0.90 to 1.40) | ||
Triglyceride (mmol/L) | 1.25 | 1.87 | <0.001b |
(0.87 to 1.95) | (1.14 to 2.55) | ||
Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 5.3 | 5.7 | 0.001b |
(4.6 to 6.0) | (4.8 to 6.7) | ||
White blood cell count (×109/L) | 7.0 | 7.7 | <0.001b |
(5.8 to 8.3) | (6.8 to 9.1) | ||
ACR (mg/mmol) | 1.5 | 245.6 | <0.001b |
(0.8 to 4.7) | (81.5 to 423.4) | ||
eGFR (ml/min/ 1.73 m2) | 119.9 | 38.0 | <0.001b |
(101.7 to 138.1) | (27.0 to 48.9) | ||
Drug use at baseline | |||
Lipid lowering drugs | 5.4% (30) | 23.5% (28) | <0.001a |
ACEI/ARB | 6.1% (34) | 28.6% (34) | <0.001a |
Other blood pressure lowering drugs | 21.3% (118) | 63.9% (76) | <0.001a |
Oral blood glucose lowering drugs | 53.2% (295) | 36.1% (43) | 0.001a |
Insulin | 16.8% (93) | 39.5% (47) | <0.001a |