Table 1 Clinical characteristics of the 35,502 people with diabetes included for analysis

Age: mean (±SD)

63.6 years (±14.3)

Investigations

Gender: female

16,322 (45.97)

ACR: not monitored

13,104 (36.91)

Gender: male

19,180 (54.03)

ACR: normal

16,960 (56.00)

Ethnicity

ACR: microalbuminuria

4,623 (13.02)

White

15,222 (42.9)

ACR: macroalbuminuria

815 (2.30)

Mixed

406 (1.1)

HbA1c: not measured

3,435 (9.7)

Asian

6,215 (17.5)

HbA1c: < 7.5%

19,648 (55.3)

Black

2,183 (6.1)

HbA1c: > 7.5%

12,419 (35.0)

Other

2,187 (6.1)

Total cholesterol: not monitored

2,046 (5.8)

Not recorded

9,289 (26.2)

Total cholesterol: < 5.0 mmol/l

31,553 (88.9)

Smoking Status

Total cholesterol: > 5.0 mmol/l

1,903 (5.4)

Not recorded

7,474 (21.05)

LDL cholesterol: not monitored

15,678 (44.16)

Never smoked

16,349 (46.10)

LDL cholesterol: normal

14,612 (41.16)

Current Smoker

6,620 (18.65)

LDL cholesterol: high

5,212 (14.68)

Ex-smoker

5,059 (14.25)

HDL cholesterol: not monitored

5,850 (16.48)

Alcohol Consumption

HDL cholesterol: normal

24,372 (68.65)

Not recorded

12,272 (34.57)

HDL cholesterol: low

5,280 (14.87)

No alcohol

11,250 (31.70)

No Hypertension

Light alcohol

10,124 (28.52)

Renal function not monitored

2,200 (6.20)

Excess alcohol

1,725 (4.86)

No CKD

15,229 (42.90)

Previous excess alcohol

131 (0.37)

CKD all stages

Comorbidities

Hypertension

569 (1.60)

Heart failure

1,550 (4.37)

Renal function not monitored

2,260 (6.37)

Dialysis

97 (0.27)

No CKD

5,862 (16.51)

Stroke

1,438 (4.05)

CKD stages 1–2

7,581 (21.35)

Transient ischaemic attack

1,060 (2.99)

CKD stages 3–5

3,987 (11.23)

Ischaemic heart disease

6,328 (17.82)

CKD stages 3–5 with proteinuria

3,676 (10.35)

Coronary artery operation

2,322 (6.54)

LDL cholesterol: not monitored

15,678 (44.16)

Myocardial infarction

1,895 (5.34)