Table 2 Clinical characteristics of patients according to chronic kidney disease stages
|  | CKD stage 1–2 (n = 27) | CKD stage 3 (n = 55) | CKD stage 4 (n = 60) | CKD stage 5 (n = 53) | P values |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age | 57.3 ± 12.9 | 68.3 ± 10.2* | 72.3 ± 9.2* | 71.1 ± 10.2* | <0.01 |
Male | 11 (41) | 41 (75) | 42 (70) | 35 (66) | 0.02 |
Hypertension | 15 (56) | 47 (85) | 58 (97) | 51 (96) | <0.01 |
Diabetes mellitus | 5 (19) | 25 (45) | 30 (50) | 32 (60) | <0.01 |
Smoking | 12 (44) | 31 (56) | 34 (57) | 33 (62) | 0.51 |
Dyslipidemia | 16 (59) | 40 (73) | 48 (80) | 42 (79) | 0.19 |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 22.9 ± 3.3 | 23.3 ± 3.5 | 22.9 ± 5.1 | 21.0 ± 4.9 | 0.04 |
Proteinuria (g/day) | 0.9 (0.4-1.8) | 1.1 (0.1-3.4) | 0.9 (0.1-3.5) | 2.3 (0.7-4.0)** | 0.03 |
C-reactive protein (mg/dL) | 0.12 (0.05-0.23) | 0.06 (0.03-0.17) | 0.15 (0.04-0.26) | 0.08 (0.05-0.20) | 0.12 |
Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 12.9 ± 1.9 | 11.6 ± 1.9* | 10.3 ± 1.6* | 9.0 ± 1.5* | <0.01 |
Serum corrected calcium (mg/dL) | 9.6 ± 0.6 | 9.6 ± 0.6 | 9.4 ± 0.5 | 9.2 ± 0.5* | <0.01 |
Serum phosphorus (mg/dL) | 3.4 ± 0.5 | 3.4 ± 0.5 | 3.6 ± 0.5 | 4.4 ± 0.9* | <0.01 |
Ca-P product (mg2/dL2) | 32.6 ± 5.1 | 32.8 ± 5.0 | 34.1 ± 5.5 | 40.4 ± 8.5* | <0.01 |
Log PTH (pg/mL) | 3.6 ± 0.4 | 3.9 ± 0.4 | 4.4 ± 0.6* | 5.0 ± 0.6* | <0.01 |
Log 1,25(OH)2Vitamin D (pg/mL) | 3.8 ± 0.4 | 3.6 ± 0.4 | 3.2 ± 0.4* | 2.6 ± 0.6* | <0.01 |
Log FGF23 (pg/mL) | 3.5 ± 0.5 | 3.9 ± 0.4** | 4.3 ± 0.7* | 5.0 ± 0.9* | <0.01 |
CAAC | 10 (37) | 32 (58) | 45 (75) | 41 (77) | <0.01 |