Table 1 Clinical and laboratory data of control subjects, AKI, CKD 5 and HD patients

Variable	AKI	CKD5	^aHD	Controls	pANOVA
Number of patients (M/F)	22/18	24/18	15/16	14/25
Age, years	58 ± 17	59 ± 13	59 ± 16	57 ± 10	0.87
BMI, kg/m²	28.3 ± 6.7	28.6 ± 6.9	24.3 ± 4.1	25.2 ± 3.4	<0.001
PlGF, pg/mL	11.7 ± 7.4	12.3 ± 12.4	11.5 ± 3.8	8.5 ± 2.4	0.02
PAPP-A, mIU/L	20.0 ± 16.9	20.2 ± 28.1	20.8 ± 10.1	9.1 ± 2.3	<0.006
sRAGE, pg/mL	2400 ± 1400	3200 ± 1500	2700 ± 1200	1760 ± 730	<0.0001
EN-RAGE, ng/mL	480 ± 450	190 ± 120	120 ± 100	60 ± 62	<0.0001
HMGB-1, ng/mL	5.8 ± 7.5	3.2 ± 3.1	2.5 ± 2.1	^b1.7 ± 1.4	<0.0001
BUN, mmol/L	29 ± 13	27.1 ± 7.8	26.4 ± 7.5	4.9 ± 1.2	<0.0001
Creatinine, μmol/L	593 ±272	520 ± 140	800 ± 210	86 ± 12	<0.0001
Albumin, g/L	30.1 ± 7.0	35.5 ± 7.1	40.7 ± 3.3	43.6 ± 2.4	0.0001
Prealbumin, g/L	0.2 ± 0.1	0.26 ± 0.11	0.32 ± 0.7	0.26 ± 0.02	<0.0001
CRP, mg/L	60 ± 70	19 ± 22	12 ± 16	3.2 ± 2.1	<0.0001
Fibrinogen, g/L	5.2 ± 1.9	5.2 ± 1.4	4.8 ± 1.4	3.35 ± 057	0.002
Orosomucoid, g /L	1.6 ± 0.67	1.38 ± 0.47	1.7 ± 0.38	0.78 ± 0.19	<0.001
Hemoglobin, g/L	101 ± 22	102 ± 19	108 ± 10	141 ± 10	0.001
Leukocytes x10⁹	10.7 ± 5.3	8.5 ± 3.5	7.5 ± 2.5	6.3 ± 1.8	<0.001
Proteinuria g/ 24 hours	2.5 ± 3.8	2.8 ± 3.4	–	–
Residual diuresis, L/ 24 hours	1.9 ± 1.3	1.8 ± 1.0	0.67 ± 0.70	–	<0.0001
GFR, mL/s/1.73 m²	0.18 ± 0.18	0.18 ± 0.09	0.11 ± 0.05	1.26 ± 3.0	<0.0001

Data are expressed as mean ± SD and analysed using ANOVA.
^aSome results of HD patients were presented previously [7, 19].
^bMeasured in 27 control subjects.
Abbreviations: AKI acute kidney injury, CKD5 chronic kidney disease stage 5, BMI body mass index, BUN blood urea nitrogen, CRP C-reactive protein, F female, M male, sRAGE soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products, EN-RAGE extracellular newly identified receptor for advanced glycation end products binding protein, HD haemodialysis, HMGB-1 high mobility group box protein-1, PAPP-A pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A, SD standard deviation, GFR glomerular filtration rate.

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