Table 3 Factors associated with urine volume [ml/24 h]
From: Factors associated with 24-hour urinary volume: the Swiss salt survey
N = 1254 | Without Fluid Intake in the model | With Fluid Intake in the model | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Beta (95% CI) | P value | Beta (95% CI) | P value | |
Fluid intake [Liter/day] | --- | --- | 604.4 (539.3, 670.0) | <.0001 |
Age [years] | 2.4 (−1.1, 5.9) | 0.18 | 6.6 (3.4, 9.7) | <.0001 |
Female sex | 230.8 (111.5, 350.0) | 0.0002 | 280.4 (174.4, 386.4) | <.0001 |
Body mass index [kg/m2] | −30.6 (−46.1, -15.4) | 0.0001 | −31.7 (−45.4, -18.0) | <.0001 |
German-speaking cantons | 306.6 (201.8, 411.4) | <.0001 | 124.0 (28.9, 219.0) | 0.011 |
Diabetes medication | −18.8 (−280.7, 243.4) | 0.89 | 34.8 (−197.8, 267.4) | 0.77 |
Hypertension | −67.1 (−193.6, 59.4) | 0.30 | −51.4 (−163.6, 60.9) | 0.37 |
Urinary creatinine excretion [mg/kg/24 h] | −24.9 (−42.7, -7.2) | 0.0059 | −16.0 (−31.8, -0.2) | 0.047 |
Urinary sodium excretion [mmol/24 h] | 4.5 (3.7, 5.4) | <.0001 | 4.2 (3.4, 4.9) | <.0001 |
Creatinine Clearance [ml/min] | 3.4 (0.9, 5.9) | 0.0083 | 2.4 (0.2, 4.6) | 0.036 |
Current Smoking | −215.5 (−349.2, -81.0) | 0.0017 | −145.6 (−265.2, -26.1) | 0.017 |
Past Smoking | 7.8 (−100.7, 116.3) | 0.89 | 5.9 (−90.4, 102.1) | 0.91 |
Season † | ||||
Spring | 100.7 (−34.3, 235.8) | 0.14 | 40.1 (−79.9, 160.1) | 0.51 |
Summer | −20.4 (−149.5, 108.7) | 0.76 | −40.1 (−154.7, 74.4) | 0.49 |
Winter | −93.3 (−240.0, 53.4) | 0.21 | −82.8 (−213.0, 47.4) | 0.21 |
Education † | ||||
Secondary level | −37.7 (−199.8, 124.3) | 0.65 | −5.1 (−149.0, 138.7) | 0.94 |
Tertiary level | 17.6 (−146.7, 181.9) | 0.83 | 35.0 (−110.8, 180.8) | 0.64 |
Other | −23.8 (−282.3, 234.7) | 0.86 | −24.5 (−253.9, 204.9) | 0.84 |
Cups of coffee per day † | ||||
1-3 | 120.4 (−57.1, 298.0) | 0.18 | 112.0 (−45.6, 269.4) | 0.16 |
≥4 | 226.2 (31.3, 421.1) | 0.023 | 158.7 (−14.3, 331.8) | 0.07 |
Alcohol consumption † | ||||
1 – 2 times/week | 181.9 (43.5, 320.2) | 0.010 | 173.7 (51.0, 296.5) | 0.006 |
> two days/week to daily | 189.3 (27.1, 351.4) | 0.022 | 188.1 (44.2, 332.0) | 0.010 |
twice daily or more | 286.5 (51.0, 522.0) | 0.017 | 338.5 (129.5, 547.6) | 0.002 |
Vegetables † | ||||
1 – 2 portions daily | 109.9 (−10.4, 230.1) | 0.073 | 89.7 (−17.0, 196.4) | 0.09 |
≥3 portions daily | 242.1 (93.1, 391.2) | 0.002 | 156.1 (23.5, 288.8) | 0.02 |
Fruits and fruit juices † | ||||
1 – 2 portions daily | 57.6 (−56.6, 171.8) | 0.32 | 6.6 (−94.9, 108.0) | 0.90 |
>3 portions daily | 133.2 (−7.9, 274.2) | 0.06 | 52.0 (−73.4, 177.4) | 0.42 |
Meat or cold cut † | ||||
2 – 4 days weekly | −184.5 (−323.7, -45.3) | 0.009 | −163.3 (−286.8, -39.8) | 0.01 |
>5 days weekly | −193.3 (−349.1, -37.5) | 0.015 | −221.9 (−360.1, -83.6) | 0.002 |